Fujisawa Michiko, Hockings Kimberley J, Soumah Aly Gaspard, Matsuzawa Tetsuro
Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
Primates Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Primates. 2016 Apr;57(2):175-80. doi: 10.1007/s10329-016-0510-x. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
Despite intensive observation of nonhuman great apes during long-term field studies, observations of great ape births in the wild are rare. Research on wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou in the Republic of Guinea has been ongoing for 35 years, yet chimpanzee parturitions have been observed on only two occasions. Here we provide information regarding both chimpanzee births, with detailed information from the close observation of one. During this birth, the mother built a day nest in a tree before parturition. After giving birth, the mother consumed the placenta, and the other chimpanzees in her party gathered near her and her neonate. However, she did not share the placenta, and consumed it all herself. In the second observation, the mother also built a nest in a tree and subsequently gave birth. Thereafter, she shared the placenta with some individuals and consumed part of the placenta herself. Although maternal placentophagy is a ubiquitous behavior among the majority of non-human primates, observations of placenta sharing by wild primates are infrequent, and the proximate and ultimate explanations for the behavior remain unclear.
尽管在长期的野外研究中对非人类的大猩猩进行了密集观察，但在野外观察到大猩猩分娩的情况却很罕见。对几内亚共和国博苏的野生黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes verus）的研究已经进行了35年，但仅在两个场合观察到黑猩猩分娩。在此，我们提供了有关这两次黑猩猩分娩的信息，并详细介绍了其中一次近距离观察的情况。在这次分娩过程中，母亲在分娩前在树上搭建了一个日间巢穴。分娩后，母亲吃掉了胎盘，她所在群体中的其他黑猩猩聚集在她和她的新生儿附近。然而，她没有分享胎盘，而是独自把它全部吃掉了。在第二次观察中，母亲同样在树上筑巢，随后分娩。此后，她与一些个体分享了胎盘，并自己吃掉了部分胎盘。尽管母体胎盘食性在大多数非人类灵长类动物中是一种普遍行为，但野生灵长类动物分享胎盘的观察并不常见，这种行为的直接和最终解释仍不清楚。
