Departments of 1 Trauma Surgery and.
Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
J Neurosurg. 2016 Sep;125(3):667-73. doi: 10.3171/2015.9.JNS151379. Epub 2016 Jan 15.
OBJECTIVE The utility of routine repeat head CT (HCT) scans in the management of minimal head injury (MHI) patients with an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has been questioned in multiple studies. All these studies analyzed this by obtaining a repeat HCT study, and none examined the effects of eliminating these routine HCT studies in neurologically intact patients. The authors' institution implemented a new "Neurologic Observation without Repeat HCT" (NORH) protocol with no repeat HCT scanning for patients admitted for MHI and ICH whose neurological status was maintained or improved to a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 at 24 hours after admission. This purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes and safety of this novel protocol. METHODS Records of patients who sustained blunt trauma MHI and an ICH and/or skull fracture on initial HCT between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012, were retrieved from the trauma registry of a Level I trauma center. The authors analyzed 95 patients in whom the NORH protocol was followed. Outcome measures included death, emergency department readmission, neurosurgical intervention, delayed repeat HCT, and length of stay. RESULTS The NORH protocol was followed for 95 patients; 83% of the patients were male, the average age was 38 ± 16.0 years old, and the most common cause of trauma was assault (35%). Of the 95 patients in whom the NORH protocol was followed, 8 (8%) had a delayed repeat HCT study (> 24 hours) after admission, but none resulted in neurosurgical intervention because of progression of ICH. The average length of stay was 4 ± 7.2 days. None of the patients were readmitted to the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of the NORH protocol (eliminating routine follow-up HCT) resulted in very low rates of delayed neurological deterioration, no late neurosurgical interventions resulting from ICH progression, very few emergency department revisits, and no readmissions. For a select group of MHI patients with ICH, the NORH protocol is safe and effective, and can reduce radiation exposure and costs.
多项研究对颅内出血(ICH)伴轻微头部损伤(MHI)患者常规重复头部 CT(HCT)检查在管理中的作用提出了质疑。所有这些研究都是通过进行重复 HCT 研究来分析这一点的,没有研究检查在神经功能完整的患者中消除这些常规 HCT 研究的影响。作者所在机构实施了一种新的“无重复 HCT 的神经观察”(NORH)方案,对于入院时患有 MHI 和 ICH 且神经状态保持或在入院后 24 小时内改善至格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分 15 分的患者,不进行重复 HCT 扫描。本研究的目的是评估该新方案的结果和安全性。
从一级创伤中心的创伤登记处检索了 2009 年 1 月 1 日至 2012 年 12 月 31 日期间因初始 HCT 检查发现钝性头部创伤 MHI 和 ICH 和/或颅骨骨折而入院的患者的记录。作者分析了 95 例遵循 NORH 方案的患者。结果包括死亡、急诊科再入院、神经外科干预、延迟重复 HCT 和住院时间。
95 例患者遵循 NORH 方案;83%的患者为男性,平均年龄为 38 ± 16.0 岁,最常见的创伤原因是殴打(35%)。在遵循 NORH 方案的 95 例患者中,有 8 例(8%)在入院后 24 小时以上进行了延迟重复 HCT 检查,但由于 ICH 进展,均未进行神经外科干预。平均住院时间为 4 ± 7.2 天。无患者再住院。
实施 NORH 方案(消除常规随访 HCT)可导致神经功能恶化的发生率非常低、ICH 进展无晚期神经外科干预、急诊科再就诊次数非常少且无再入院。对于 MHI 合并 ICH 的特定患者群体,NORH 方案安全有效,并可减少辐射暴露和成本。