综合教练教育可降低美国青少年足球的头部撞击暴露风险。
Comprehensive Coach Education Reduces Head Impact Exposure in American Youth Football.
机构信息
Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
出版信息
Orthop J Sports Med. 2015 Oct 15;3(10):2325967115610545. doi: 10.1177/2325967115610545. eCollection 2015 Oct.
BACKGROUND
Despite little evidence that defines a threshold of head impact exposure or that participation in youth sports leads to long-term cognitive impairments, it is prudent to identify methods of reducing the frequency of head impacts.
PURPOSE
To compare the mean number of head impacts between youth football players in practice and games between leagues that implemented the Heads Up Football (HUF) educational program and those that did not (NHUF).
STUDY DESIGN
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
METHODS
During the 2014 season, head impact exposure was measured using xPatch accelerometers from 70 youth football players aged 8 to 15 years from 5 leagues. Data were collected during both games and practices. The NHUF group comprised 32 players from 8 teams within 3 leagues. The HUF group comprised 38 players from 7 teams within 2 leagues. Independent-sample t tests evaluated differences in head impact exposure across groups (ie, HUF and NHUF).
RESULTS
Players (mean ± SD: age, 11.7 ± 1.4 years; height, 152.2 ± 10.5 cm; weight, 51.6 ± 9.6 kg) experienced a total of 7478 impacts over 10g, of which 4250 (56.8%) and 3228 (43.2%) occurred in practices and games, respectively. The majority of impacts occurred within the NHUF group (62.0%), followed by the HUF group (38.0%). With a 10g impact threshold, the mean number of impacts during practice per individual event was lower in the HUF group (mean ± SD, 5.6 ± 2.9) than in the NHUF group (mean ± SD, 8.9 ± 3.1; difference, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.9-3.9). This difference was attenuated when the threshold was changed to 20g but remained significant (difference, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7-1.3). At both the 10g and 20g impact thresholds, no differences were found in games.
CONCLUSION
Players who participated in HUF leagues accumulated fewer head impacts per practice at both the 10g and 20g thresholds. Youth football leagues should consider the HUF educational program, while exploring additional interventions, to help reduce the number of head impacts in players.
背景
尽管几乎没有证据能明确界定头部撞击暴露的阈值，也没有证据表明参加青少年运动一定会导致长期认知障碍，但谨慎起见，还是有必要找到降低头部撞击频率的方法。
目的
比较参加“抬头橄榄球”（Head Up Football，HUF）教育项目的青少年橄榄球运动员与未参加该项目的青少年橄榄球运动员在训练和比赛中的头部撞击次数。
研究设计
队列研究；证据水平，2 级。
方法
在 2014 赛季，来自 5 个联盟的 70 名 8 至 15 岁的青少年橄榄球运动员使用 xPatch 加速度计在训练和比赛中测量头部撞击暴露情况。NHUF 组由来自 3 个联盟 8 支队伍的 32 名运动员组成。HUF 组由来自 2 个联盟 7 支队伍的 38 名运动员组成。独立样本 t 检验评估了两组（即 HUF 组和 NHUF 组）之间的头部撞击暴露差异。
结果
球员的平均年龄（± SD）为 11.7 ± 1.4 岁，平均身高为 152.2 ± 10.5cm，平均体重为 51.6 ± 9.6kg，共经历了 7478 次超过 10g 的撞击，其中 4250 次（56.8%）和 3228 次（43.2%）分别发生在训练和比赛中。大部分撞击发生在 NHUF 组（62.0%），其次是 HUF 组（38.0%）。当撞击阈值设定为 10g 时，HUF 组的每名运动员在训练中的平均撞击次数（均值± SD，5.6 ± 2.9）明显低于 NHUF 组（均值± SD，8.9 ± 3.1；差异，3.4；95%置信区间，2.9-3.9）。当阈值设定为 20g 时，这一差异虽然有所减弱，但仍具有统计学意义（差异，1.0；95%置信区间，0.7-1.3）。在 10g 和 20g 撞击阈值下，比赛中的撞击次数均无差异。
结论
在 10g 和 20g 两个撞击阈值下，参加 HUF 联赛的运动员在训练中的平均撞击次数更少。青少年橄榄球联盟应该考虑实施“抬头橄榄球”教育项目，同时探索其他干预措施，以帮助减少运动员的头部撞击次数。
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