Matthew A. Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2207 Stallings-Evans Sports Medicine Complex, Campus Box 8700, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2012 Jan;40(1):90-6. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0401-7. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
Football accounts for 55% of concussions to collegiate athletes. In the National Football League, players are at a greater risk for concussion during kickoffs and punts compared to rushing and passing plays. The two primary purposes of this study were to determine if game-related special teams head impacts were greater in magnitude than head impacts sustained during offensive and defensive plays, and to better understand the effect closing distance between players (short vs. long) had on head impact magnitude. Collegiate football players were enrolled in a prospective cohort study assessing head impact biomechanics during special teams, offensive, and defensive collisions; long closing distance (≥ 10 yards) and short closing distance (<10 yards) impacts were also studied. Data were analyzed using random intercepts general linear mixed models. Long closing distance collisions generated more severe head impacts than short closing distances. Collisions occurring on special teams plays over long closing distances were most severe while collisions occurring on special teams and defensive plays over short closing distances resulted in the least severe impacts. Decreasing the impact severity of collisions in collegiate football may be accomplished by reducing the closing distance prior to impact.
足球导致大学生运动员脑震荡的占比为 55%。在国家橄榄球联盟中，与进攻和传球相比，球员在开球和弃踢时更容易因头部撞击而导致脑震荡。本研究的两个主要目的是确定与比赛相关的特勤组头部撞击是否比进攻和防守中头部撞击的冲击力更大，以及更好地了解球员之间的闭合距离（长对短）对头部撞击力的影响。大学生足球运动员参加了一项前瞻性队列研究，评估特勤组、进攻和防守碰撞期间的头部撞击生物力学；还研究了长闭合距离（≥10 码）和短闭合距离（<10 码）的撞击。数据使用随机截距广义线性混合模型进行分析。长闭合距离碰撞产生的头部冲击比短闭合距离碰撞更严重。长闭合距离的特勤组比赛中的碰撞最为严重，而短闭合距离的特勤组和防守比赛中的碰撞则导致最轻微的冲击。通过在撞击前减小闭合距离，可能会降低大学橄榄球比赛中碰撞的冲击严重程度。
