Moghadam Mohamad Jamali, Moayedi Hossein, Sadeghi Masoud Mirmohamad, Hajiannia Alborz
Department of Civil Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Civil Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran.
Environ Geochem Health. 2016 Dec;38(6):1217-1227. doi: 10.1007/s10653-016-9795-3. Epub 2016 Jan 16.
Anthropogenic activities contaminate many lands and underground waters with dangerous materials. Although polluted soils occupy small parts of the land, the risk they pose to plants, animals, humans, and groundwater is too high. Remediation technologies have been used for many years in order to mitigate pollution or remove pollutants from soils. However, there are some deficiencies in the remediation in complex site conditions such as low permeability and complex composition of some clays or heterogeneous subsurface conditions. Electrokinetic is an effective method in which electrodes are embedded in polluted soil, usually vertically but in some cases horizontally, and a low direct current voltage gradient is applied between the electrodes. The electric gradient initiates movement of contaminants by electromigration (charged chemical movement), electro-osmosis (movement of fluid), electrolysis (chemical reactions due to the electric field), and diffusion. However, sites that are contaminated with heavy metals or mixed contaminants (e.g. a combination of organic compounds with heavy metals and/or radionuclides) are difficult to remediate. There is no technology that can achieve the best results, but combining electrokinetic with other remediation methods, such as bioremediation and geosynthetics, promises to be the most effective method so far. This review focuses on the factors that affect electrokinetic remediation and the state-of-the-art methods that can be combined with electrokinetic.
人为活动使许多土地和地下水受到危险物质的污染。尽管受污染土壤仅占陆地的一小部分，但其对植物、动物、人类和地下水构成的风险却极高。多年来一直采用修复技术来减轻土壤污染或去除土壤中的污染物。然而，在复杂场地条件下，如某些粘土的低渗透性和复杂成分或非均质地下条件下，修复工作存在一些不足之处。电动修复是一种有效的方法，将电极嵌入受污染土壤中，通常垂直嵌入，但在某些情况下也水平嵌入，并在电极之间施加低直流电压梯度。电场梯度通过电迁移（带电化学物质移动）、电渗（流体移动）、电解（由电场引起的化学反应）和扩散引发污染物的移动。然而，被重金属或混合污染物（如有机化合物与重金属和/或放射性核素的组合）污染的场地很难修复。目前还没有一种技术能取得最佳效果，但将电动修复与其他修复方法（如生物修复和土工合成材料）相结合有望成为迄今为止最有效的方法。本综述重点关注影响电动修复的因素以及可与电动修复相结合的最新方法。
