Gupta Nitu, Koley Apurba, Banerjee Sandipan, Ghosh Anudeb, Hoque Raza Rafiqul, Balachandran Srinivasan
Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
Hybrid Adv. 2024 Dec;7:None. doi: 10.1016/j.hybadv.2024.100315.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pervasive organic pollutants in the environment that are formed as an outcome of partial combustion of organic matter. PAHs pose a significant threat to ecological systems and human health due to their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Therefore, an immediate need for effective PAH remediation methods is crucial. Although nanomaterials are effective for remediation of PAHs, concerns regarding environmental compatibility and sustainability remains. Therefore, this study emphasizes integration of nanomaterials with bioremediation methods, which might offer a more sustainable and ecofriendly approach to PAHs remediation. A systematic search was conducted through scholarly databases from 2013 to 2023. A total of 360 articles were scrutinized, among which 26 articles were selected that resonated with the application of nano-bioremediation. These literatures comprise both comparative analysis of bioremediation only as well as nano-bioremediation. There is an elevation of 18.9 % in PAHs removal of liquid-phase samples, when comparing bioremediation (52.2 %) with nano-bioremediation (71.1 %). A consistent trend was observed in soil samples, with bioremediation and nano-bioremediation that successfully remove PAHs, with 60.8 % and 75.1 % respectively, indicating a 14.3 % improvement. Furthermore, the review elaborated on the various features of nanomaterials that led to their efficiency in the bioremediation of PAH. The review also discussed the strategies of nano-bioremediation namely nanomaterial-assisted microbial degradation, nanomaterial-assisted enzyme-enhanced microbial activity, nanomaterial-immobilized microbial cells, nanomaterial-facilitated electron transfer, and even some eco-green approaches to remediate PAHs, like biogenic nanomaterial for PAHs.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是环境中普遍存在的有机污染物，是有机物不完全燃烧的产物。由于其细胞毒性和基因毒性作用，PAHs对生态系统和人类健康构成重大威胁。因此，迫切需要有效的PAH修复方法。尽管纳米材料对PAHs的修复有效，但对其环境兼容性和可持续性仍存在担忧。因此，本研究强调将纳米材料与生物修复方法相结合，这可能为PAHs修复提供一种更可持续、更环保的方法。通过学术数据库对2013年至2023年的文献进行了系统检索。共筛选了360篇文章，其中26篇文章与纳米生物修复的应用相关。这些文献包括仅生物修复以及纳米生物修复的比较分析。将生物修复（52.2%）与纳米生物修复（71.1%）相比，液相样品中PAHs的去除率提高了18.9%。在土壤样品中也观察到了一致的趋势，生物修复和纳米生物修复分别成功去除了60.8%和75.1%的PAHs，提高了14.3%。此外，该综述阐述了纳米材料在PAH生物修复中发挥高效作用的各种特性。该综述还讨论了纳米生物修复的策略，即纳米材料辅助的微生物降解、纳米材料辅助的酶增强微生物活性、纳米材料固定化微生物细胞、纳米材料促进的电子转移，甚至一些修复PAHs的生态绿色方法，如用于PAHs的生物源纳米材料。
