Hautmann R, Wenderoth U, Miller K, Egghart G, Frohneberg D
Urologische Universitätsklinik Ulm, FRG.
Pathol Res Pract. 1989 Aug;185(2):276-83. doi: 10.1016/S0344-0338(89)80273-0.
Urology has undergone remarkable growth and a variety of clinical substantial therapeutic concepts have changed within the last few years. The following short summary incorporates the most actual advances in basic science and clinical medicine as well as surgical technique. Spectacular new concepts have been developed according to therapy of bladder substitution using bowel. Therapy of stone formation in the urinary tract is possible by using extracorporal shockwave therapy in more than 2/3 of the patients. Additionally, promising aspects in the treatment of hypernephroma with immune response modifiers are actually of great interest. The evaluation of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) as a specific marker in prostatic carcinoma and the conflict between indication for lymphadenectomy or surveillance therapy in testicular cancer stage I, as well as tumor regression under chemotherapy influences clinical trials (e.g. surgical debulking). The brief review of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches including some aspects of andrology hopefully may help to understand clinical problems and demonstrate the effectiveness of standard urologic diagnosis and therapy.
泌尿学在过去几年中取得了显著发展，各种临床重要治疗理念也发生了变化。以下简短总结涵盖了基础科学、临床医学以及外科技术方面的最新进展。针对使用肠道进行膀胱替代治疗，已开发出引人注目的新概念。超过三分之二的患者可通过体外冲击波疗法治疗尿路结石形成。此外，使用免疫反应调节剂治疗肾细胞癌的前景方面目前备受关注。前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）作为前列腺癌特异性标志物的评估，以及睾丸癌I期淋巴结清扫术或监测治疗指征之间的冲突，还有化疗下的肿瘤消退情况，都影响着临床试验（如手术减瘤）。对诊断和治疗方法的简要回顾，包括男科学的一些方面，有望有助于理解临床问题，并展示标准泌尿学诊断和治疗的有效性。
