Pettijohn Kyle A, Thompson Alexis N, Tamplin Andrea K, Krawietz Sabine A, Radvansky Gabriel A
University of Notre Dame, United States.
University of Notre Dame, United States.
Cognition. 2016 Mar;148:136-44. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2015.12.013. Epub 2016 Jan 11.
The structure of events can influence later memory for information that is embedded in them, with evidence indicating that event boundaries can both impair and enhance memory. The current study explored whether the presence of event boundaries during encoding can structure information to improve memory. In Experiment 1, memory for a list of words was tested in which event structure was manipulated by having participants walk through a doorway, or not, halfway through the word list. In Experiment 2, memory for lists of words was tested in which event structure was manipulated using computer windows. Finally, in Experiments 3 and 4, event structure was manipulated by having event shifts described in narrative texts. The consistent finding across all of these methods and materials was that memory was better when the information was distributed across two events rather than combined into a single event. Moreover, Experiment 4 demonstrated that increasing the number of event boundaries from one to two increased the memory benefit. These results are interpreted in the context of the Event Horizon Model of event cognition.
事件的结构能够影响之后对嵌入其中信息的记忆，有证据表明事件边界既能损害记忆也能增强记忆。当前的研究探讨了编码过程中事件边界的存在是否能够组织信息以改善记忆。在实验1中，对一系列单词的记忆进行了测试，其中通过让参与者在单词列表的中间位置是否穿过一扇门来操纵事件结构。在实验2中，对单词列表的记忆进行了测试，其中使用计算机窗口来操纵事件结构。最后，在实验3和实验4中，通过在叙述性文本中描述事件转换来操纵事件结构。所有这些方法和材料得出的一致结果是，当信息分布在两个事件中而不是合并为一个单一事件时，记忆效果更好。此外，实验4表明将事件边界的数量从一个增加到两个会增加记忆效益。这些结果是在事件认知的事件视界模型的背景下进行解释的。
