College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
J Hazard Mater. 2016 Apr 15;307:127-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.055. Epub 2016 Jan 2.
Thifluzamide is a fungicide widely used to control crop diseases, and it therefore constitutes a hazard to the environment. In this study, zebrafish were selected to assess the aquatic toxicity of thifluzamide. The acute and development toxicity of thifluzamide to embryos, larvae, and adult zebrafish were measured and the corresponding 96h-LC50 values were as follows: adult fish (4.19mg/L) <larvae (3.52mg/L) <embryos (3.08mg/L). A large suite of symptoms was found in these three stages of zebrafish, including abnormal spontaneous movement, slow heartbeat, hatching inhibition, growth regression, and morphological deformities. In addition, for adult zebrafish, distinct pathological changes were noted in liver and kidney 21 days post exposure (dpe) to 0.19, 1.33, and 2.76mg/L. Liver damage was more severe than kidney damage. In another 28 days exposure of adult zebrafish to 0.019, 0.19, and 1.90mg/L, negative changes in mitochondrial structure and enzymes activities [succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and respiratory chain complexes] were found. These might be responsible for the adverse expansion of the apoptosis- and immune-related genes, which would facilitate the action of these factors in programmed cell death and might play a key role during the toxic events.
噻氟菌胺是一种广泛用于防治作物病害的杀菌剂，因此对环境构成危害。本研究选择斑马鱼来评估噻氟菌胺的水生毒性。噻氟菌胺对斑马鱼胚胎、幼鱼和成鱼的急性毒性和发育毒性进行了测定，相应的 96h-LC50 值如下：成鱼（4.19mg/L）<幼鱼（3.52mg/L）<胚胎（3.08mg/L）。在这三个发育阶段的斑马鱼中发现了一系列严重的症状，包括自发运动异常、心跳缓慢、孵化抑制、生长退化和形态畸形。此外，在暴露于 0.19、1.33 和 2.76mg/L 噻氟菌胺 21 天后，成鱼的肝脏和肾脏出现明显的组织病理学变化。肝脏损伤比肾脏损伤更严重。在另一个 28 天的暴露实验中，当斑马鱼暴露于 0.019、0.19 和 1.90mg/L 的噻氟菌胺时，发现线粒体结构和酶活性（琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）和呼吸链复合物）发生了负面变化。这些可能是导致与凋亡和免疫相关基因异常扩张的原因，这将有助于这些因素在程序性细胞死亡中的作用，并且在毒性事件中可能发挥关键作用。
