Institute of Cellular Chemistry, Center for Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Immunology FB08, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Nat Immunol. 2016 Feb;17(2):122-31. doi: 10.1038/ni.3370.
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines with a growing number of target cells and a plethora of biological functions. Although it has commonalities with other IL-1 cytokines, IL-33 exhibits some unique features. Here we review the biology of IL-33 and its receptor and develop a working model that describes two 'lives' for IL-33-one intracellular and one extracellular. Under healthy conditions, constitutively produced, intracellular IL-33 participates in maintaining barrier function by regulating gene expression as a nuclear protein. In parallel, nuclear IL-33 functions as a stored alarmin that is released when barriers are breached. Extracellular IL-33 coordinates immune defense and repair mechanisms while also initiating differentiation of helper T cells as the adaptive immune response is triggered.
白细胞介素 33（IL-33）是白细胞介素 1 家族细胞因子的成员，其靶细胞数量不断增加，具有多种生物学功能。尽管它与其他白细胞介素细胞因子具有共同之处，但白细胞介素 33 表现出一些独特的特征。在这里，我们回顾了白细胞介素 33 及其受体的生物学特性，并提出了一个工作模型，该模型描述了白细胞介素 33 的两种“生命”——一种是细胞内的，另一种是细胞外的。在健康状态下，组成型产生的细胞内白细胞介素 33 作为核蛋白参与维持屏障功能，调节基因表达。同时，核内白细胞介素 33 作为一种储存警报素发挥作用，当屏障被破坏时释放。细胞外白细胞介素 33 协调免疫防御和修复机制，同时启动辅助 T 细胞的分化，从而触发适应性免疫反应。
