Cayrol Corinne
Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France.
Cells. 2021 Dec 30;11(1):107. doi: 10.3390/cells11010107.
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family that is expressed in the nuclei of endothelial and epithelial cells of barrier tissues, among others. It functions as an alarm signal that is released upon tissue or cellular injury. IL-33 plays a central role in the initiation and amplification of type 2 innate immune responses and allergic inflammation by activating various target cells expressing its ST2 receptor, including mast cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Depending on the tissue environment, IL-33 plays a wide variety of roles in parasitic and viral host defense, tissue repair and homeostasis. IL-33 has evolved a variety of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to control its activity, including nuclear sequestration and proteolytic processing. It is involved in many diseases, including allergic, inflammatory and infectious diseases, and is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of severe asthma. In this review, I will summarize the literature around this fascinating pleiotropic cytokine. In the first part, I will describe the basics of IL-33, from the discovery of interleukin-33 to its function, including its expression, release and signaling pathway. The second part will be devoted to the regulation of IL-33 protein leading to its activation or inactivation.
白细胞介素-33（IL-33）是白细胞介素-1（IL-1）家族的成员之一，在内皮细胞和屏障组织的上皮细胞核等部位表达。它作为一种警报信号，在组织或细胞受到损伤时释放。IL-33通过激活各种表达其ST2受体的靶细胞，包括肥大细胞和2型天然淋巴细胞，在2型固有免疫反应和过敏性炎症的启动和放大过程中发挥核心作用。根据组织环境的不同，IL-33在寄生虫和病毒宿主防御、组织修复和体内平衡中发挥着多种作用。IL-33已经进化出多种复杂的调节机制来控制其活性，包括核隔离和蛋白水解加工。它与许多疾病有关，包括过敏性、炎症性和感染性疾病，并且是治疗重度哮喘的一个有前景的治疗靶点。在这篇综述中，我将总结围绕这种迷人的多效性细胞因子的文献。在第一部分，我将描述IL-33的基础知识，从白细胞介素-33的发现到其功能，包括其表达、释放和信号通路。第二部分将致力于IL-33蛋白的调节，这导致其激活或失活。
