Delorme-Hinoux Valérie, Bangash Sajid A K, Meyer Andreas J, Reichheld Jean-Philippe
Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
Plant Sci. 2016 Feb;243:84-95. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.12.002. Epub 2015 Dec 9.
Thiol-disulfide redox regulation is essential for many cellular functions in plants. It has major roles in defense mechanisms, maintains the redox status of the cell and plays structural, with regulatory roles for many proteins. Although thiol-based redox regulation has been extensively studied in subcellular organelles such as chloroplasts, it has been much less studied in the nucleus. Thiol-disulfide redox regulation is dependent on the conserved redox proteins, glutathione/glutaredoxin (GRX) and thioredoxin (TRX) systems. We first focus on the functions of glutathione in the nucleus and discuss recent data concerning accumulation of glutathione in the nucleus. We also provide evidence that glutathione reduction is potentially active in the nucleus. Recent data suggests that the nucleus is enriched in specific GRX and TRX isoforms. We discuss the biochemical and molecular characteristics of these isoforms and focus on genetic evidences for their potential nuclear functions. Finally, we make an overview of the different thiol-based redox regulated proteins in the nucleus. These proteins are involved in various pathways including transcriptional regulation, metabolism and signaling.
硫醇-二硫键氧化还原调节对植物中的许多细胞功能至关重要。它在防御机制中起主要作用，维持细胞的氧化还原状态，并对许多蛋白质起结构和调节作用。尽管基于硫醇的氧化还原调节已在叶绿体等亚细胞器中得到广泛研究，但在细胞核中的研究却少得多。硫醇-二硫键氧化还原调节依赖于保守的氧化还原蛋白、谷胱甘肽/谷氧还蛋白（GRX）和硫氧还蛋白（TRX）系统。我们首先关注谷胱甘肽在细胞核中的功能，并讨论有关谷胱甘肽在细胞核中积累的最新数据。我们还提供证据表明谷胱甘肽还原在细胞核中可能具有活性。最近的数据表明，细胞核中富含特定的GRX和TRX同工型。我们讨论这些同工型的生化和分子特征，并关注它们潜在核功能的遗传学证据。最后，我们概述了细胞核中不同的基于硫醇的氧化还原调节蛋白。这些蛋白质参与各种途径，包括转录调节、代谢和信号传导。
