用于多模态可穿戴活动识别的深度卷积和长短期记忆循环神经网络
Deep Convolutional and LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks for Multimodal Wearable Activity Recognition.
作者信息
Ordóñez Francisco Javier, Roggen Daniel
机构信息
Wearable Technologies, Sensor Technology Research Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK.
出版信息
Sensors (Basel). 2016 Jan 18;16(1):115. doi: 10.3390/s16010115.
Human activity recognition (HAR) tasks have traditionally been solved using engineered features obtained by heuristic processes. Current research suggests that deep convolutional neural networks are suited to automate feature extraction from raw sensor inputs. However, human activities are made of complex sequences of motor movements, and capturing this temporal dynamics is fundamental for successful HAR. Based on the recent success of recurrent neural networks for time series domains, we propose a generic deep framework for activity recognition based on convolutional and LSTM recurrent units, which: (i) is suitable for multimodal wearable sensors; (ii) can perform sensor fusion naturally; (iii) does not require expert knowledge in designing features; and (iv) explicitly models the temporal dynamics of feature activations. We evaluate our framework on two datasets, one of which has been used in a public activity recognition challenge. Our results show that our framework outperforms competing deep non-recurrent networks on the challenge dataset by 4% on average; outperforming some of the previous reported results by up to 9%. Our results show that the framework can be applied to homogeneous sensor modalities, but can also fuse multimodal sensors to improve performance. We characterise key architectural hyperparameters' influence on performance to provide insights about their optimisation.
传统上,人类活动识别(HAR)任务是通过启发式过程获得的工程特征来解决的。当前的研究表明,深度卷积神经网络适合于从原始传感器输入中自动提取特征。然而,人类活动是由复杂的运动序列组成的,捕捉这种时间动态对于成功的HAR至关重要。基于循环神经网络在时间序列领域的近期成功,我们提出了一种基于卷积和LSTM循环单元的通用深度活动识别框架,该框架:(i)适用于多模态可穿戴传感器;(ii)能够自然地进行传感器融合;(iii)在设计特征时不需要专家知识;(iv)明确地对特征激活的时间动态进行建模。我们在两个数据集上评估了我们的框架,其中一个数据集已用于公共活动识别挑战赛。我们的结果表明,在挑战赛数据集上,我们的框架平均比竞争的深度非循环网络高出4%;比一些先前报告的结果高出9%。我们的结果表明,该框架可以应用于同类传感器模态,但也可以融合多模态传感器以提高性能。我们刻画了关键架构超参数对性能的影响,以提供有关其优化的见解。