Banumathi Balan, Malaikozhundan Balasubramanian, Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
Vet Parasitol. 2016 Jan 30;216:93-100. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.12.003. Epub 2015 Dec 15.
The present study was designed to investigate the invitro acaricidal effects of seven ethnoveterinary plants, zinc acetate and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against the Southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The selected ethnoveterinary plants were extracted using ethanol and aqueous (water) solvents at 0.02mg/ml and 0.04mg/ml concentrations. Of these seven plants, Lobelia leschenaultiana showed the highest percentage of tick mortality. The ethanol extracts of L. leschenaultiana showed 93.33% mortality at 0.04mg/ml and its LC50 was 0.05mg/ml. However, zinc acetate exhibited 70% mortality at 0.04mg/ml (LC50: 0.0192mg/ml). Further, we synthesized ZnO nanoparticle using the leaf extracts of L. leschenaultiana and zinc acetate as the precursor material to control R. (B.) microplus. The structural characterization of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (Ll-ZnO NPs) was performed by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microsopy (TEM). UV-vis spectra showed the absorption band at 383nm. XRD analysis clearly showed the crystalline nature of Ll-ZnO NPs with various Bragg's reflection peaks at 100, 002, 101, 102, 110, 103, 200, 201 and 202 planes. FTIR analysis showed the possible functional groups of Ll-ZnO NPs with strong band at 3420.63 and 2922.48cm(-1). SEM and TEM analysis revealed that the Ll-ZnO NPs were spherical and hexagonal in shape with particle size ranging between 20 and 65nm. The mortality of R. (B.) microplus after treatment with Ll-ZnO NPs was 35, 57.5 and 82.5% at 0.001, 0.002 and 0.004mg/ml. On the otherhand, 100% mortality of R. (B.) microplus was observed at 0.008mg/ml (LC50: 0.0017mg/ml). The results indicated that the Ll-ZnO NPs have good acaricidal properties compared to L. leschenaultiana leaf extract and zinc acetate.
本研究旨在调查七种民族兽医药用植物、醋酸锌和绿色合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒对南方牛蜱微小扇头蜱（Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus）的体外杀螨效果。选用的民族兽医药用植物分别用乙醇和水溶剂以0.02mg/ml和0.04mg/ml的浓度进行提取。在这七种植物中，少花半边莲（Lobelia leschenaultiana）的蜱死亡率百分比最高。少花半边莲的乙醇提取物在0.04mg/ml时显示出93.33%的死亡率，其半数致死浓度（LC50）为0.05mg/ml。然而，醋酸锌在0.04mg/ml时的死亡率为70%（LC50：0.0192mg/ml）。此外，我们以少花半边莲的叶提取物和醋酸锌作为前驱体材料合成了氧化锌纳米颗粒，以防治微小扇头蜱。通过紫外可见光谱、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒（Ll-ZnO NPs）进行了结构表征。紫外可见光谱显示在383nm处有吸收带。XRD分析清楚地表明Ll-ZnO NPs具有晶体性质，在100、002、101、102、110、103、200、201和202晶面有各种布拉格反射峰。FTIR分析显示Ll-ZnO NPs可能的官能团在3420.63和2922.48cm⁻¹处有强吸收带。SEM和TEM分析表明，Ll-ZnO NPs呈球形和六边形，粒径在20至65nm之间。用Ll-ZnO NPs处理后，微小扇头蜱在0.001、0.002和0.004mg/ml时的死亡率分别为35%、57.5%和82.5%。另一方面，在0.008mg/ml时观察到微小扇头蜱的死亡率为100%（LC50：0.0017mg/ml）。结果表明，与少花半边莲叶提取物和醋酸锌相比，Ll-ZnO NPs具有良好的杀螨性能。
