Frantzen Marianne, Regoli Francesco, Ambrose William G, Nahrgang Jasmine, Geraudie Perrine, Benedetti Maura, Locke William L, Camus Lionel
Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Post Box 6606 Langnes, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
Dipartimento de Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016 May;127:95-107. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.011. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
This study aimed to simulate conditions in which dispersant (Dasic NS) might be used to combat an oil spill in coastal sub-Arctic water of limited depth and water exchange in order to produce input data for Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) of Arctic and sub-Arctic coastal areas. Concentration dependent differences in acute responses and long-term effects of a 48h acute exposure to dispersed oil, with and without the application of a chemical dispersant, were assessed on the Arctic filter feeding bivalve Chlamys islandica. Icelandic scallops were exposed for 48h to a range of spiked concentrations of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil. Short-term effects were assessed in terms of lysosomal membrane stability, superoxide dismutase, catalase, gluthatione S-transferases, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase, glutathione, total oxyradical scavenging capacity, lipid peroxidation and peroxisomal proliferation. Post-exposure survival, growth and reproductive investment were followed for 2 months to evaluate any long-term consequence. Generally, similar effects were observed in scallops exposed to mechanically and chemically dispersed oil. Limited short-term effects were observed after 48h, suggesting that a different timing would be required for measuring the possible onset of such effects. There was a concentration dependent increase in cumulative post-exposure mortality, but long-term effects on gonadosomatic index, somatic growth/condition factor did not differ among treatments.
本研究旨在模拟在北极亚寒带沿海有限深度且水体交换少的水域中使用分散剂（Dasic NS）应对溢油事故的条件，以便为北极和亚北极沿海地区的净环境效益分析（NEBA）生成输入数据。以北极滤食性双壳贝类冰岛扇贝为研究对象，评估了在施加和未施加化学分散剂的情况下，48小时急性暴露于分散油的急性反应和长期影响中浓度依赖性差异。冰岛扇贝暴露于一系列机械分散和化学分散油的加标浓度下48小时。短期影响通过溶酶体膜稳定性、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、谷胱甘肽、总氧自由基清除能力、脂质过氧化和过氧化物酶体增殖来评估。暴露后跟踪2个月的存活、生长和生殖投入情况，以评估任何长期后果。一般来说，在暴露于机械分散和化学分散油的扇贝中观察到类似的影响。48小时后观察到有限的短期影响，这表明需要不同的时间来测量此类影响可能的起始情况。暴露后累积死亡率呈浓度依赖性增加，但各处理对性腺体指数、体细胞生长/条件因子的长期影响并无差异。
