Ehling U H
Institut für Saügetiergenetik, Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Unweltforschung (GSF), Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Germany.
IARC Sci Publ. 1989(96):207-19.
The most extensive set of information on the factors affecting mutation induction by chemical mutagens in mice has been obtained by use of the dominant lethal assay and the specific locus method. Dominant lethal mutations are caused by chromosomal aberrations, and they occur shortly before or after implantation. The specific locus method can be used to detect a variety of mutational events, ranging from intralocus changes to multilocus deletions. The scoring of recessive specific locus mutations can be combined with the detection of dominant cataract mutations in mice. With these methods, the following factors that influence the induced mutation rates have been identified: differential spermatogenic response, fractionation of doses (low-dose effects), different treatment conditions (combined treatment), different strains, different sexes, and differences in the response of recessive and dominant mutations. The importance of these factors for the evaluation of chemical mutagens has not generally been appreciated in genetic toxicology. However, they are important for the risk assessment of a chemical mutagen. In addition, the induction of specific locus mutations and of inherited dominant cataract mutations or dominant mutations affecting the skeleton of mice can be used to quantify human genetic risk due to a mutagen.
关于影响化学诱变剂在小鼠中诱发突变的因素，最全面的信息集是通过显性致死试验和特定位点法获得的。显性致死突变由染色体畸变引起，它们在着床前不久或之后发生。特定位点法可用于检测各种突变事件，从基因座内变化到多位点缺失。隐性特定位点突变的评分可与小鼠显性白内障突变的检测相结合。通过这些方法，已确定了以下影响诱发突变率的因素：不同的生精反应、剂量分割（低剂量效应）、不同的处理条件（联合处理）、不同的品系、不同的性别以及隐性和显性突变反应的差异。在遗传毒理学中，这些因素对评估化学诱变剂的重要性尚未得到普遍认识。然而，它们对化学诱变剂的风险评估很重要。此外，特定位点突变以及影响小鼠骨骼的遗传性显性白内障突变或显性突变的诱发可用于量化诱变剂导致的人类遗传风险。
