Basu Joydeep, Ludlow John W
a RegenMedTX LLC , Winston-Salem , NC , USA.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2016;16(4):489-506. doi: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1131976. Epub 2016 Jan 28.
Application of regenerative medicine strategies for repair of organs/tissue impacted by chronic disease is an active subject for product development. Such methodologies emphasize the role of stem cells as the active biological ingredient. However, recent developments in elucidating mechanisms of action of these therapies have focused on the role of paracrine, 'action-at-a-distance' modus operandi in mediating the ability to catalyze regenerative outcomes without significant site-specific engraftment. A salient component of this secreted regenerative milieu are exosomes: 40-100 nm intraluminal vesicles that mediate transfer of proteins and nucleic acids across cellular boundaries.
Here, we synthesize recent studies from PubMed and Google Scholar highlighting how cell-based therapeutics and cosmeceutics are transitioning towards the secretome generally and exosomes specifically as a principal modulator of regenerative outcomes.
Exosomes contribute to organ development and mediate regenerative outcomes in injury and disease that recapitulate observed bioactivity of stem cell populations. Encapsulation of the active biological ingredients of regeneration within non-living exosome carriers may offer process, manufacturing and regulatory advantages over stem cell-based therapies.
将再生医学策略应用于修复受慢性疾病影响的器官/组织是产品开发的一个活跃课题。此类方法强调干细胞作为活性生物成分的作用。然而，最近在阐明这些疗法作用机制方面的进展集中在旁分泌“远距离作用”操作方式在介导催化再生结果的能力方面的作用，而无需显著的位点特异性植入。这种分泌的再生微环境的一个显著成分是外泌体：40 - 100纳米的腔内囊泡，可介导蛋白质和核酸跨细胞边界的转移。
在此，我们综合了来自PubMed和谷歌学术的近期研究，突出了基于细胞的治疗方法和药妆品如何普遍地向分泌组，特别是向外泌体转变，将其作为再生结果的主要调节因子。
外泌体有助于器官发育，并在损伤和疾病中介导再生结果，重现观察到的干细胞群体的生物活性。将再生的活性生物成分封装在无生命的外泌体载体中，可能比基于干细胞的疗法具有工艺、制造和监管优势。
