Fornells-Ambrojo Miriam, Elenbaas Maaike, Barker Chris, Swapp David, Navarro Xavier, Rovira Aitor, Sanahuja Josep Maria Tomàs, Slater Mel
*Research Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology and †Department of Computer Science, University College, London, UK; ‡Event Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona; and §Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2016 Feb;204(2):148-52. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000414.
Contingency in interpersonal relationships is associated with the development of secure attachment and trust, whereas paranoia arises from the overattribution of negative intentions. We used a new virtual reality paradigm to experimentally investigate the impact of contingent behavior on trust along the paranoia continuum. Sixty-one healthy participants were randomly allocated to have a social interaction with a pleasant virtual human (avatar) programmed to be highly responsive or not (high/low contingency). Perceived trustworthiness and trusting behavior were assessed alongside control variables attachment and anxiety. Higher paranoia and dismissive attachment were associated with larger interpersonal distances. Unexpectedly, extremely paranoid individuals experienced the highly contingent avatar as more trustworthy than their low contingency counterpart. Higher dismissive attachment was also associated with more subjective trust in both conditions. Extreme paranoia is associated with hypersensitivity to noncontingent behavior, which might explain experiences of mistrust when others are not highly responsive in everyday social situations.
人际关系中的偶然性与安全依恋和信任的发展相关，而偏执则源于对负面意图的过度归因。我们使用一种新的虚拟现实范式，通过实验研究偶然行为对偏执连续体上信任的影响。61名健康参与者被随机分配与一个被设定为反应高度灵敏或不灵敏（高/低偶然性）的友善虚拟人（化身）进行社交互动。同时评估感知到的可信度和信任行为以及控制变量依恋和焦虑。更高的偏执和疏离型依恋与更大的人际距离相关。出乎意料地，极度偏执的个体认为高度偶然的化身比低偶然性的化身更值得信赖。在两种情况下，更高的疏离型依恋也与更多的主观信任相关。极端偏执与对非偶然行为的超敏反应有关，这可能解释了在日常社交场合中当他人反应不高度灵敏时的不信任体验。
