Pellissier Loïc, Oppliger Anne, Hirzel Alexandre H, Savova-Bianchi Dessislava, Mbayo Guilain, Mascher Fabio, Kellenberger Stefan, Niculita-Hirzel Hélène
Unit of Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Department of Occupational Hygiene, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne and Geneva, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016 Jan 29;82(7):2121-2131. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03336-15.
Chronic exposure to airborne fungi has been associated with different respiratory symptoms and pathologies in occupational populations, such as grain workers. However, the homogeneity in the fungal species composition of these bioaerosols on a large geographical scale and the different drivers that shape these fungal communities remain unclear. In this study, the diversity of fungi in grain dust and in the aerosols released during harvesting was determined across 96 sites at a geographical scale of 560 km(2) along an elevation gradient of 500 m by tag-encoded 454 pyrosequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Associations between the structure of fungal communities in the grain dust and different abiotic (farming system, soil characteristics, and geographic and climatic parameters) and biotic (wheat cultivar and previous crop culture) factors were explored. These analyses revealed a strong relationship between the airborne and grain dust fungal communities and showed the presence of allergenic and mycotoxigenic species in most samples, which highlights the potential contribution of these fungal species to work-related respiratory symptoms of grain workers. The farming system was the major driver of the alpha and beta phylogenetic diversity values of fungal communities. In addition, elevation and soil CaCO3 concentrations shaped the alpha diversity, whereas wheat cultivar, cropping history, and the number of freezing days per year shaped the taxonomic beta diversity of these communities.
长期暴露于空气中的真菌与职业人群（如谷物工人）的不同呼吸道症状和病理状况有关。然而，在大地理尺度上这些生物气溶胶中真菌物种组成的同质性以及塑造这些真菌群落的不同驱动因素仍不清楚。在本研究中，通过对内部转录间隔区（ITS）序列进行标签编码的454焦磷酸测序，在560平方公里的地理尺度上，沿着500米的海拔梯度，对96个地点收获期间释放的谷物粉尘和气溶胶中的真菌多样性进行了测定。探讨了谷物粉尘中真菌群落结构与不同非生物因素（耕作制度、土壤特性、地理和气候参数）和生物因素（小麦品种和前茬作物种植）之间的关联。这些分析揭示了空气中真菌群落与谷物粉尘真菌群落之间的密切关系，并表明大多数样本中存在致敏和产毒真菌物种，这突出了这些真菌物种对谷物工人与工作相关呼吸道症状的潜在影响。耕作制度是真菌群落α和β系统发育多样性值的主要驱动因素。此外，海拔和土壤碳酸钙浓度影响α多样性，而小麦品种、种植历史和每年的冰冻天数影响这些群落的分类β多样性。
