Blumer Roland, Maurer-Gesek Barbara, Gesslbauer Bernhard, Blumer Michael, Pechriggl Elisabeth, Davis-López de Carrizosa María A, Horn Anja K, May Paul J, Streicher Johannes, de la Cruz Rosa R, Pastor Ángel M
Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology Integrative Morphology Group, MIC, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
CD-Laboratory for Extremity Reconstruction, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 Feb;57(2):320-31. doi: 10.1167/iovs.15-18716.
To test whether palisade endings are a general feature of mammalian extraocular muscles (EOMs).
Thirteen species, some frontal-eyed (human, monkey, cat, and ferret), and others lateral-eyed (pig, sheep, calf, horse, rabbit, rat, mouse, gerbil, and guinea pig) were analyzed. Palisade endings were labeled by using different combinations of immunofluorescence techniques. Three-dimensional reconstructions of immunolabeled palisade endings were done.
In all frontal-eyed species, palisade endings were a consistent feature in the rectus EOMs. Their total number was high and they exhibited an EOM-specific distribution. In particular, the number of palisade endings in the medial recti was significantly higher than in the other rectus muscles. In the lateral-eyed animals, palisade endings were infrequent and, when present, their total number was rather low. They were only found in ungulates (sheep, calf, pig, and horse) and in rabbit. In rodents (rat, guinea pig, mouse, and gerbil) palisade endings were found infrequently (e.g., rat) or were completely absent. Palisade endings in frontal-eyed species and in some lateral-eyed species (pig, sheep, calf, and horse) had a uniform morphology. They generally lacked α-bungarotoxin staining, with a few exceptions in primates. Palisade endings in other lateral-eyed species (rabbit and rat) exhibited a simplified morphology and bound α-bungarotoxin.
Palisade endings are not a universal feature of mammalian EOMs. So, if they are proprioceptors, not all species require them. Because in frontal-eyed species, the medial rectus muscle has the highest number of palisade endings, they likely play a special role in convergence.
测试栅栏状末梢是否为哺乳动物眼外肌（EOMs）的普遍特征。
分析了13个物种，其中一些是前视眼物种（人类、猴子、猫和雪貂），另一些是侧视眼物种（猪、羊、小牛、马、兔子、大鼠、小鼠、沙鼠和豚鼠）。使用免疫荧光技术的不同组合对栅栏状末梢进行标记。对免疫标记的栅栏状末梢进行三维重建。
在所有前视眼物种中，栅栏状末梢是直肌EOMs的一个一致特征。它们的总数很高，并且呈现出EOM特异性分布。特别是，内直肌中的栅栏状末梢数量明显高于其他直肌。在侧视眼动物中，栅栏状末梢很少见，并且当存在时，它们的总数相当低。它们仅在有蹄类动物（羊、小牛、猪和马）和兔子中发现。在啮齿动物（大鼠、豚鼠、小鼠和沙鼠）中，栅栏状末梢很少见（例如大鼠）或完全不存在。前视眼物种和一些侧视眼物种（猪、羊、小牛和马）中的栅栏状末梢具有统一的形态。它们通常缺乏α-银环蛇毒素染色，在灵长类动物中有一些例外。其他侧视眼物种（兔子和大鼠）中的栅栏状末梢呈现出简化的形态并结合α-银环蛇毒素。
栅栏状末梢不是哺乳动物EOMs的普遍特征。因此，如果它们是本体感受器，并非所有物种都需要它们。因为在前视眼物种中，内直肌的栅栏状末梢数量最多，它们可能在集合中起特殊作用。
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