Lee Byung-Hwan, Choi Sun-Hye, Kim Hyeon-Joong, Jung Seok-Won, Kim Ho-Kyoung, Nah Seung-Yeol
Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(2):156-62. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00575.
Lysophosphatidic acid (1-acyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid; LPA) is a simple and minor phospholipid in plants. Plant LPAs are merely metabolic intermediates in de novo lipid synthesis in plant cell membranes or for glycerophospholipid storage. The production and metabolisms of LPAs in animals are also well characterized and LPAs have diverse cellular effects in animal systems; i.e., from brain development to wound healing through the activation of G protein-coupled LPA receptors. Recent studies show that various foodstuffs such as soybean, cabbage and seeds such as sesame and sunflower contain bioactive LPAs. Some LPAs are produced from phosphatidic acid during the digestion of foodstuff. In addition, herbal medicines such as corydalis tuber, and especially ginseng, contain large amounts of LPAs compared to foodstuffs. Herbal LPAs bind to cell surface LPA receptors in animal cells and exert their biological effects. Herbal LPAs elicit [Ca(2+)]i transient and are coupled to various Ca(2+)-dependent ion channels and receptor regulations via the activation of LPA receptors. They also showed beneficial effects of in vitro wound healing, in vivo anti-gastric ulcer, anti-Alzheimer's disease, autotaxin inhibition and anti-metastasis activity. Thus, herbal LPAs can be useful agents for human health. Humans can utilize exogenous plant-derived LPAs for preventive or therapeutic purposes if plant-derived LPAs are developed as functional foods or natural medicine targeting LPA receptors. This brief review article introduces the known rich sources of herbal LPAs and herbal LPA binding protein, describes their biological effects, and further addresses possible clinical applications.
溶血磷脂酸（1-酰基-2-溶血-sn-甘油-3-磷酸；LPA）是植物中一种简单且含量较少的磷脂。植物LPA仅仅是植物细胞膜从头合成脂质或甘油磷脂储存过程中的代谢中间体。动物体内LPA的产生和代谢也已得到充分表征，并且LPA在动物系统中具有多种细胞效应；即，从大脑发育到伤口愈合，通过激活G蛋白偶联的LPA受体来实现。最近的研究表明，各种食品，如大豆、卷心菜以及芝麻和向日葵等种子中都含有生物活性LPA。一些LPA是在食物消化过程中由磷脂酸产生的。此外，与食品相比，延胡索块茎等草药，尤其是人参，含有大量的LPA。草药LPA与动物细胞表面的LPA受体结合并发挥其生物学效应。草药LPA引发细胞内钙离子浓度（[Ca(2+)]i）瞬变，并通过激活LPA受体与各种钙离子依赖性离子通道和受体调节相偶联。它们还显示出体外伤口愈合、体内抗胃溃疡、抗阿尔茨海默病、抑制自分泌运动因子和抗转移活性等有益作用。因此，草药LPA可能是对人类健康有益的物质。如果将植物来源的LPA开发成针对LPA受体的功能性食品或天然药物，人类就可以将外源性植物来源的LPA用于预防或治疗目的。这篇简短的综述文章介绍了已知的富含草药LPA的来源和草药LPA结合蛋白，描述了它们的生物学效应，并进一步探讨了可能的临床应用。
