Jørgensen C H, Spörndly R, Bertilsson J, Østergaard S
Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-753 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
J Dairy Sci. 2016 May;99(5):3241-3249. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-9043. Epub 2016 Jan 29.
In comparison with the intensive research on the direct effects of energy supply on dairy cow lactation performance, little attention has been paid to the effect of early lactation feeding on subsequent production. The present paper reviews 9 studies carried out with the aim of quantifying the immediate and subsequent responses in milk production and body weight to early lactation feeding. Most results showed that a more generous feeding in early lactation caused a positive carryover effect on subsequent production, whereas an inadequate level of feed in early lactation has been shown to reduce subsequent milk yield. The carryover periods ranged from 3 to 12 wk and the difference in milk yield between cows in the carryover periods ranged between 1.5 and 4.5kg of milk/cow per day. When calculated as a percentage of the immediate effect, the carryover effect ranged from 22 to 63%. In 2 of the 9 papers reviewed, the authors found no carryover effect, probably due to the long post-treatment periods in these studies. This is supported by the other studies in which the carryover effect was only significant in a limited period after end of treatment. The magnitude of the carryover effect seems to be determined by several factors including duration of the treatment and post-treatment feeding level. The most important factor though appears to be the magnitude of over- or underfeeding (i.e., a strong relationship between the treatment period feeding level and the subsequent response in production).
与对能量供应对奶牛泌乳性能的直接影响进行的深入研究相比，早期泌乳期饲养对后续生产的影响很少受到关注。本文综述了9项研究，旨在量化早期泌乳期饲养对产奶量和体重的即时及后续反应。大多数结果表明，早期泌乳期给予更充足的饲养对后续生产有积极的延续效应，而早期泌乳期饲料水平不足已被证明会降低后续产奶量。延续期为3至12周，延续期内奶牛的产奶量差异为每天每头奶牛1.5至4.5千克。以即时效应的百分比计算，延续效应范围为22%至63%。在所综述的9篇论文中有2篇，作者未发现延续效应，这可能是由于这些研究中的处理后时期较长。其他研究也支持这一点，即在处理结束后的有限时期内延续效应才显著。延续效应的大小似乎由几个因素决定，包括处理持续时间和处理后饲养水平。不过，最重要的因素似乎是过度或不足喂养的程度（即处理期饲养水平与后续生产反应之间的强关联）。
