Lu Han, Li Da-Jin, Jin Li-Ping
Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2016 Jun;75(6):609-18. doi: 10.1111/aji.12495. Epub 2016 Feb 1.
Discovered 30 years ago, γδT cells remain an enigmatic T-cell subset. Although they account for a small portion of the total human circulating T-cell pool, their associations with other immune cells and their potential regulatory roles in related diseases have been explored but still require further investigation. γδT cells which are MHC-unrestricted innate-like lymphocytes with more unique antigen receptors than αβT cells and B cells are considered to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. They have APC functions and initiate adaptive immunity. Due to their distribution in specific tissues, secretion of Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-type cytokines, and other characteristics, they are involved in a variety of physiology and pathology processes. They are barometers in HIV infection. However, different γδT cell subsets play opposing roles in HBV infections, autoimmune diseases, and several types of tumors. Moreover, decidual γδT cells have protective roles during pregnancies by synthesizing several cytokines. This emerging evidence provides an improved understanding of the immune mechanism of infection, autoimmunity, cancer, and other related disorders and better insights regarding the potential roles of γδT cells in immunological therapeutic strategies.
30年前发现的γδT细胞仍是一个神秘的T细胞亚群。尽管它们在人类循环T细胞库中所占比例很小，但它们与其他免疫细胞的关联以及在相关疾病中的潜在调节作用已得到探索，但仍需进一步研究。γδT细胞是一类不依赖主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）的固有样淋巴细胞，其抗原受体比αβT细胞和B细胞更独特，被认为是连接固有免疫和适应性免疫的桥梁。它们具有抗原呈递细胞（APC）功能并启动适应性免疫。由于它们在特定组织中的分布、Th1、Th2和Th17型细胞因子的分泌以及其他特性，它们参与多种生理和病理过程。它们是HIV感染的晴雨表。然而，不同的γδT细胞亚群在HBV感染、自身免疫性疾病和几种类型的肿瘤中发挥着相反的作用。此外，蜕膜γδT细胞在妊娠期间通过合成多种细胞因子发挥保护作用。这些新出现的证据有助于更好地理解感染、自身免疫、癌症和其他相关疾病的免疫机制，并为γδT细胞在免疫治疗策略中的潜在作用提供更深入的见解。
