Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016 May;60(5):1199-205. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500789. Epub 2016 Mar 1.
We report on the impact of purified dietary meat proteins from four species on plasma insulin, lipid and amino acid (AA) concentrations, and hepatic transcriptome (RNA-sequencing).
Young rats received semi-synthetic diets for 1 wk that differed only regarding protein source; casein (reference) was replaced by beef, chicken, fish, or pork proteins. Compared to casein, all proteins, except pork, increased total plasma AA concentrations. Pork protein reduced adipose tissue mass and liver triacylglycerol, which was accompanied by increased plasma triacylglycerol concentrations. Plasma cholesterol was reduced by fish protein. The number of differentially expressed genes ranged between 609 (pork) and 1258 (chicken); on average one-third of the changes were specific for each meat protein. Pathway responses were most similar for beef and chicken, followed by pork and fish. Although the extent varied, all meat proteins induced mRNA translation, antigen processing/presentation, intracellular vesicular trafficking, and oxidoreductive-transformation pathways, and suppressed signal-transduction (Notch, TGFB/SMAD, insulin) and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways. Lipid- and AA-metabolic pathways were repressed, except by pork. AA-transport pathways were induced by beef and fish only, and complement/coagulation-pathways were suppressed by chicken and beef. Fish suppressed nuclear-transport and cofactor metabolism.
To conclude, short-term feeding of different meat proteins resulted in distinct physiological and transcriptome changes in young rats.
我们报告了四种物种的纯化膳食肉类蛋白质对血浆胰岛素、脂质和氨基酸（AA）浓度以及肝转录组（RNA 测序）的影响。
年轻大鼠接受了为期 1 周的半合成饮食，仅在蛋白质来源上有所不同；用牛肉、鸡肉、鱼肉或猪肉蛋白替代酪蛋白（对照）。与酪蛋白相比，除了猪肉蛋白，所有蛋白质都增加了总血浆 AA 浓度。猪肉蛋白减少了脂肪组织质量和肝三酰甘油，这伴随着血浆三酰甘油浓度的增加。鱼肉蛋白降低了血浆胆固醇。差异表达基因的数量在 609（猪肉）和 1258（鸡肉）之间；平均而言，三分之一的变化是每种肉类蛋白特有的。牛肉和鸡肉的途径反应最为相似，其次是猪肉和鱼肉。尽管程度不同，但所有肉类蛋白都诱导了 mRNA 翻译、抗原加工/呈递、细胞内囊泡运输和氧化还原转化途径，并抑制了信号转导（Notch、TGFB/SMAD、胰岛素）和线粒体生物发生途径。除了猪肉，脂质和 AA 代谢途径受到抑制。只有牛肉和鱼肉诱导 AA 转运途径，鸡肉和牛肉抑制补体/凝血途径。鱼肉抑制核转运和辅助因子代谢。
总之，短期喂养不同的肉类蛋白会导致年轻大鼠产生不同的生理和转录组变化。
