Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC , USA.
In Silico LLC , Fuquay-Varina, NC , USA.
Front Vet Sci. 2016 Jan 20;3:2. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00002. eCollection 2016.
The concept of improving animal health through improved gut health has existed in food animal production for decades; however, only recently have we had the tools to identify microbes in the intestine associated with improved performance. Currently, little is known about how the avian microbiome develops or the factors that affect its composition. To begin to address this knowledge gap, the present study assessed the development of the cecal microbiome in chicks from hatch to 28 days of age with and without a live Salmonella vaccine and/or probiotic supplement; both are products intended to promote gut health. The microbiome of growing chicks develops rapidly from days 1-3, and the microbiome is primarily Enterobacteriaceae, but Firmicutes increase in abundance and taxonomic diversity starting around day 7. As the microbiome continues to develop, the influence of the treatments becomes stronger. Predicted metagenomic content suggests that, functionally, treatment may stimulate more differences at day 14, despite the strong taxonomic differences at day 28. These results demonstrate that these live microbial treatments do impact the development of the bacterial taxa found in the growing chicks; however, additional experiments are needed to understand the biochemical and functional consequences of these alterations.
通过改善肠道健康来提高动物健康的概念在动物食品生产中已经存在了几十年；然而，直到最近我们才有了识别与性能改善相关的肠道微生物的工具。目前，我们对禽类微生物组的发展过程以及影响其组成的因素知之甚少。为了开始解决这一知识空白，本研究评估了从孵化到 28 日龄的雏鸡盲肠微生物组的发育情况，这些雏鸡接受了或未接受活沙门氏菌疫苗和/或益生菌补充剂的处理；这两种产品都是旨在促进肠道健康的产品。生长中的雏鸡的微生物组从第 1-3 天迅速发展，微生物组主要是肠杆菌科，但厚壁菌门的丰度和分类多样性从第 7 天左右开始增加。随着微生物组的继续发展，处理的影响变得更强。预测的宏基因组内容表明，尽管在第 28 天存在强烈的分类差异，但在第 14 天，功能上处理可能会刺激更多的差异。这些结果表明，这些活体微生物处理确实会影响生长中的雏鸡中发现的细菌分类群的发育；然而，需要进行更多的实验来了解这些变化的生化和功能后果。
