Lamoureux Emily V, Grandy Scott A, Langille Morgan G I
Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
School of Health and Human Performance (Kinesiology), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
mSystems. 2017 Aug 22;2(4). doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00006-17. eCollection 2017 Jul-Aug.
The gut microbiome is known to have a complex yet vital relationship with host health. While both exercise and the gut microbiome have been shown to impact human health independently, the direct effects of moderate exercise on the intestinal microbiota remain unclear. In this study, we compared gut microbial diversity and changes in inflammatory markers associated with exercise over an 8-week period in mice that performed either voluntary exercise (VE) ( = 10) or moderate forced exercise (FE) ( = 11) and mice that did not perform any exercise ( = 21). VE mice, but not FE mice, had increased food intake and lean body mass compared to sedentary mice. The levels of inflammatory markers associated with exercise were similar for mice in all three groups. Traditional microbial profiles comparing operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in samples ( > 0.1) and multivariate analysis of beta diversity via Adonis testing ( > 0.1) did not identify significantly altered taxonomic profiles in the voluntary or forced exercise group compared to the sedentary controls. However, a random forests machine learning model, which takes into account the relationships between bacteria in a community, classified voluntary exercisers and nonexercisers with 97% accuracy at 8 weeks. The top bacteria used by the model allowed us to identify known taxa (, S24-7, and ) and novel taxa ( and ) associated with exercise. Although aerobic exercise in mice did not result in significant changes of abundance in gut microbes or in host inflammatory response, more sophisticated computational methods could identify some microbial shifts. More study is needed on the effects of various exercise intensities and their impact on the gut microbiome. The bacteria that live in our gut have a complex yet vital relationship with our health. Environmental factors that influence the gut microbiome are of great interest, as recent research demonstrates that these microbes, mostly bacteria, are important for normal host physiology. Diseases such as obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer have also been linked to shifts in the microbiome. Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on these diseases; however, much less is known about its direct impact on the gut microbiome. Our results illustrate that exercise has a moderate but measurable effect on gut microbial communities in mice. These methods can be used to provide important insight into other factors affecting the microbiome and our health.
已知肠道微生物群与宿主健康存在复杂而至关重要的关系。虽然运动和肠道微生物群都已被证明可独立影响人类健康，但适度运动对肠道微生物群的直接影响仍不明确。在本研究中，我们比较了在8周时间内进行自愿运动（VE）（n = 10）或适度强迫运动（FE）（n = 11）的小鼠以及未进行任何运动的小鼠（n = 21）的肠道微生物多样性和与运动相关的炎症标志物变化。与久坐不动的小鼠相比，VE小鼠而非FE小鼠的食物摄入量和瘦体重增加。所有三组小鼠中与运动相关的炎症标志物水平相似。通过比较样本中操作分类单元（OTU）（> 0.1）的传统微生物图谱以及通过Adonis检验进行β多样性的多变量分析（> 0.1），与久坐对照组相比，未发现自愿运动组或强迫运动组的分类学图谱有显著改变。然而，一种考虑群落中细菌之间关系的随机森林机器学习模型，在第8周时以97%的准确率对自愿运动者和不运动者进行了分类。该模型所使用的主要细菌使我们能够识别与运动相关的已知分类群（如S24 - 7和）以及新分类群（和）。虽然小鼠中的有氧运动并未导致肠道微生物丰度或宿主炎症反应的显著变化，但更复杂的计算方法可以识别一些微生物变化。需要更多关于各种运动强度及其对肠道微生物群影响的研究。生活在我们肠道中的细菌与我们的健康存在复杂而至关重要的关系。影响肠道微生物群的环境因素备受关注，因为最近的研究表明，这些微生物（主要是细菌）对正常宿主生理功能很重要。肥胖、糖尿病、炎症性肠病和结肠癌等疾病也与微生物群的变化有关。已知运动对这些疾病有有益影响；然而，关于其对肠道微生物群的直接影响却知之甚少。我们的结果表明，运动对小鼠肠道微生物群落有适度但可测量的影响。这些方法可用于深入了解影响微生物群和我们健康的其他因素。
