跨性别者和性别不一致者的成人发展与生活质量
Adult development and quality of life of transgender and gender nonconforming people.
作者信息
Bockting Walter, Coleman Eli, Deutsch Madeline B, Guillamon Antonio, Meyer Ilan, Meyer Walter, Reisner Sari, Sevelius Jae, Ettner Randi
机构信息
aDivision of Gender, Sexuality, and Health New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia Psychiatry and the School of Nursing, Columbia University Medical Center, New York bProgram in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota cSchool of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California dDepartment of Psychobiology, National Distance Education University, Madrid, Spain eThe Williams Institute, University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, California fDivision of Psychiatry, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas gFenway Institute, Fenway Health hDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health iDivision of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts jSchool of Medicine, University of California, San Fransisco, California kPrivate Practice, Evanston, Illinois.
出版信息
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2016 Apr;23(2):188-97. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000232.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Research on the health of transgender and gender nonconforming people has been limited with most of the work focusing on transition-related care and HIV. The present review summarizes research to date on the overall development and quality of life of transgender and gender nonconforming adults, and makes recommendations for future research.
RECENT FINDINGS
Pervasive stigma and discrimination attached to gender nonconformity affect the health of transgender people across the lifespan, particularly when it comes to mental health and well-being. Despite the related challenges, transgender and gender nonconforming people may develop resilience over time. Social support and affirmation of gender identity play herein a critical role. Although there is a growing awareness of diversity in gender identity and expression among this population, a comprehensive understanding of biopsychosocial development beyond the gender binary and beyond transition is lacking.
SUMMARY
Greater visibility of transgender people in society has revealed the need to understand and promote their health and quality of life broadly, including but not limited to gender dysphoria and HIV. This means addressing their needs in context of their families and communities, sexual and reproductive health, and successful aging. Research is needed to better understand what factors are associated with resilience and how it can be effectively promoted.
综述目的
对跨性别者和性别不一致者健康状况的研究一直有限，大部分工作集中在与性别转换相关的护理和艾滋病毒方面。本综述总结了迄今为止关于跨性别和性别不一致成年人的整体发展和生活质量的研究，并对未来研究提出建议。
最新发现
与性别不一致相关的普遍耻辱感和歧视影响着跨性别者一生的健康，尤其是在心理健康和幸福感方面。尽管存在相关挑战，但随着时间的推移，跨性别者和性别不一致者可能会培养出适应能力。社会支持和对性别认同的肯定在此起着关键作用。尽管人们对这一群体中性别认同和表达的多样性的认识不断提高，但对于二元性别之外和性别转换之外的生物心理社会发展仍缺乏全面的理解。
总结
跨性别者在社会中的能见度提高，这表明有必要广泛了解和促进他们的健康和生活质量，包括但不限于性别焦虑症和艾滋病毒。这意味着要在他们的家庭和社区、性健康和生殖健康以及成功老龄化的背景下满足他们的需求。需要开展研究，以更好地了解哪些因素与适应能力相关，以及如何有效地促进适应能力。
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