Hossain Zakir, MacKay Dylan, Friel James K
Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016 Jul;63(1):98-102. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001134.
The objective of the present exploratory study was to investigate how the fatty acid (FA) composition of different food sources for preterm infants including breast milk (BM), formula (F), human milk fortifiers (HMFs), and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) impacted preterm infant's plasma FA. The associations between FA content of plasma with antioxidant enzyme activity and cognition were also evaluated.
Thirty-two premature infants were included in the present study. Five different feeds (BM, F, BM + F, BM + HMF, and TPN) were provided. Foods and preterm infant plasma samples were collected at the same time on the same day biweekly where possible. Separation and identification of the plasma and food FA methyl esters were performed by gas-liquid chromatography. Antioxidant enzymes were measured. The Bayley Scale of Infant Development version III was used to evaluate cognition.
In food sources, BM contained significantly lower stearic acid (C18:0) (P < 0.05), oleic acid (C18:1n9) (P < 0.01), linoleic acid (C18:2n6) (P < 0.01), α-linoleic acid (C18:3n3) (P < 0.01), and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) (P < 0.05) compared with the F. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the BM + HMF compared with the BM. Stearic acid (C18:0) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the BM + F and BM + HMF compared with the BM. In the plasma lauric acid (C12:0) (P < 0.05) and myristic acid (C14:0) (P < 0.001) were higher in the BM-fed babies compared with the F-fed or TPN-recipient groups. Antioxidant enzymes, activities and cognition scores did not differ by feeding groups, however the study may not have been powered to detect these differences.
The type, and therefore quality, of fatty acids is an important consideration when selecting what is fed to premature infants because differences in feed fatty acids were seen in some plasma fatty acids in the study.
本探索性研究的目的是调查不同早产婴儿食物来源（包括母乳（BM）、配方奶（F）、母乳强化剂（HMF）和全胃肠外营养（TPN））的脂肪酸（FA）组成如何影响早产婴儿的血浆脂肪酸。还评估了血浆FA含量与抗氧化酶活性和认知之间的关联。
本研究纳入了32名早产儿。提供了五种不同的喂养方式（BM、F、BM + F、BM + HMF和TPN）。尽可能在双周的同一天同时采集食物和早产婴儿血浆样本。通过气液色谱法对血浆和食物脂肪酸甲酯进行分离和鉴定。测量抗氧化酶。使用贝利婴幼儿发展量表第三版评估认知。
在食物来源中，与配方奶相比，母乳中的硬脂酸（C18:0）（P<0.05）、油酸（C18:1n9）（P<0.01）、亚油酸（C18:2n6）（P<0.01）、α-亚麻酸（C18:3n3）（P<0.01）和花生四烯酸（C20:4n6）（P<0.05）含量显著较低。与母乳相比，母乳强化剂中的棕榈酸（C16:0）显著更高（P<0.05）。与母乳相比，母乳加配方奶和母乳强化剂中的硬脂酸（C18:0）显著更高（P<0.05）。在血浆中，母乳喂养的婴儿与配方奶喂养或接受全胃肠外营养的组相比，月桂酸（C12:0）（P<0.05）和肉豆蔻酸（C14:0）（P<0.001）含量更高。抗氧化酶、活性和认知评分在不同喂养组之间没有差异，然而该研究可能没有足够的效力来检测这些差异。
在选择喂养早产儿的食物时，脂肪酸的类型及其质量是一个重要的考虑因素，因为在本研究中某些血浆脂肪酸中发现了喂养脂肪酸的差异。
