Service of Neonatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08907 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Nov 22;14(23):4956. doi: 10.3390/nu14234956.
An observational comparative study was designed to assess the fatty acids profile in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids of 30 preterm neonates (<32 weeks gestation) at birth and after 1 month of life versus a convenience sample of 10 infants born at term. The panel of fatty acids included the families and components of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as enzyme activity indexes and fatty acids ratios. At birth, the comparison of fatty acid families between preterm and term neonates showed a significantly higher content of SFAs and n-6 PUFAs, and a significantly lower content of MUFAs and n-3 PUFAs in the preterm group. After 30 days of life, significantly higher levels of n-6 PUFAs and significantly lower levels of n-3 PUFAs among preterm neonates persisted. At 30 days of birth, n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA and arachidonic acid (ARA) ARA/DHA remained significantly elevated, and DHA sufficiency index significantly decreased in the preterm group. The pattern of n-3 PUFA deficiency at birth and sustained for the first month of life would support the need of milk banking fortified with DHA and the use of DHA supplementation in breastfeeding mothers.
一项观察性对比研究旨在评估 30 名早产儿（<32 周）出生时和出生后 1 个月的红细胞膜磷脂中的脂肪酸谱，并与 10 名足月出生的婴儿进行比较。脂肪酸组包括饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs）、n-6 和 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）家族以及酶活性指数和脂肪酸比例。在出生时，与足月新生儿相比，早产儿的脂肪酸家族比较显示，早产儿组的 SFAs 和 n-6 PUFAs 含量明显较高，而 MUFAs 和 n-3 PUFAs 含量明显较低。在出生后 30 天，早产儿中 n-6 PUFAs 和 n-3 PUFAs 的水平仍明显较高。在出生后 30 天，早产儿组 n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA 和花生四烯酸（ARA）ARA/DHA 仍显著升高，而 DHA 充足指数显著降低。出生时和出生后第一个月持续存在的 n-3 PUFA 缺乏模式表明需要强化 DHA 的母乳库，并在母乳喂养的母亲中使用 DHA 补充剂。
