炎热环境下20公里越野跑比赛中两种补液方案的比较

Comparison of Two Fluid Replacement Protocols During a 20-km Trail Running Race in the Heat.

作者信息

Lopez Rebecca M, Casa Douglas J, Jensen Katherine A, Stearns Rebecca L, DeMartini Julie K, Pagnotta Kelly D, Roti Melissa W, Armstrong Lawrence E, Maresh Carl M

机构信息

1Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; 2Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; 3College of Health Professions, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT; 4Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 5Department of Movement Science, Sport & Leisure Studies, Westfield State University, Westfield, Massachusetts; and 6Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

出版信息

J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Sep;30(9):2609-16. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001359.

DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001359

PMID:26840437

Abstract

Lopez, RM, Casa, DJ, Jensen, K, Stearns, RL, DeMartini, JK, Pagnotta, KD, Roti, MW, Armstrong, LE, and Maresh, CM. Comparison of two fluid replacement protocols during a 20-km trail running race in the heat. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2609-2616, 2016-Proper hydration is imperative for athletes striving for peak performance and safety, however, the effectiveness of various fluid replacement strategies in the field setting is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate how two hydration protocols affect physiological responses and performance during a 20-km trail running race. A randomized, counter-balanced, crossover design was used in a field setting (mean ± SD: WBGT 28.3 ± 1.9° C). Well-trained male (n = 8) and female (n = 5) runners (39 ± 14 years; 175 ± 9 cm; 67.5 ± 11.1 kg; 13.4 ± 4.6% BF) completed two 20-km trail races (5 × 4-km loop) with different water hydration protocols: (a) ad libitum (AL) consumption and (b) individualized rehydration (IR). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Paired t-tests compared pre-race-post-race measures. Main outcome variables were race time, heart rate (HR), gastrointestinal temperature (TGI), fluid consumed, percent body mass loss (BML), and urine osmolality (Uosm). Race times between groups were similar. There was a significant condition × time interaction (p = 0.048) for HR, but TGI was similar between conditions. Subjects replaced 30 ± 14% of their water losses in AL and 64 ± 16% of their losses in IR (p < 0.001). Ad libitum trial experienced greater BML (-2.6 ± 0.5%) compared with IR (-1.3 ± 0.5%; p < 0.001). Pre-race to post-race Uosm differences existed between AL (-273 ± 146 mOsm) and IR (-145 ± 215 mOsm, p = 0.032). In IR, runners drank twice as much fluid than AL during the 20-km race, leading to > 2% BML in AL. Ad libitum drinking resulted in 1.3% greater BML over the 20-km race, which resulted in no thermoregulatory or performance differences from IR.

摘要

洛佩兹、RM、卡萨、DJ、詹森、K、斯特恩斯、RL、德马蒂尼、JK、帕尼奥塔、KD、罗蒂、MW、阿姆斯特朗、LE和马雷什、CM。炎热环境下20公里越野赛中两种补液方案的比较。《力量与体能研究杂志》30(9):2609 - 2616，2016年——对于追求最佳表现和安全的运动员来说，适当补水至关重要，然而，各种补液策略在实际环境中的有效性尚不清楚。本研究的目的是调查两种补水方案如何影响20公里越野赛中的生理反应和表现。在实际环境中（平均±标准差：湿球黑球温度28.3±1.9℃）采用随机、平衡、交叉设计。训练有素的男性（n = 8）和女性（n = 5）跑步者（39±14岁；175±9厘米；67.5±11.1千克；体脂率13.4±4.6%）完成了两场20公里的越野赛（5×4公里循环），采用不同的补水方案：(a)自由饮用（AL）和(b)个性化补液（IR）。数据采用重复测量方差分析进行分析。配对t检验比较赛前和赛后测量值。主要结果变量为比赛时间、心率（HR）、胃肠道温度（TGI）、补液量、体重减轻百分比（BML）和尿渗透压（Uosm）。两组之间的比赛时间相似。HR存在显著的条件×时间交互作用（p = 0.048），但不同条件下的TGI相似。受试者在AL组中补充了30±14%的失水量，在IR组中补充了64±16%的失水量（p < 0.001）。与IR组（-1.3±0.5%）相比，自由饮用组的BML更大（-2.6±0.5%；p < 0.001）。AL组和IR组赛前至赛后的Uosm差异存在（AL组为-273±146毫摩尔，IR组为-145±215毫摩尔，p = 0.032）。在IR组中，跑步者在20公里比赛中饮用的液体量是AL组的两倍，导致AL组的BML > 2%。在20公里比赛中，自由饮用导致BML高出1.3%，这导致与IR组在体温调节或表现方面没有差异。