College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA 31907, USA.
Nutrients. 2024 Apr 29;16(9):1341. doi: 10.3390/nu16091341.
Sweat rate and electrolyte losses have a large inter-individual variability. A personalized approach to hydration can overcome this issue to meet an individual's needs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a personalized hydration strategy (PHS) on fluid balance and intermittent exercise performance. Twelve participants conducted 11 laboratory visits including a VO test and two 5-day trial arms under normothermic (NOR) or hyperthermic (HYP) environmental conditions. Each arm began with three days of familiarization exercise followed by two random exercise trials with either a PHS or a control (CON). Then, participants crossed over to the second arm for: NOR+PHS, NOR+CON, HYP+PHS, or HYP+CON. The PHS was prescribed according to the participants' fluid and sweat sodium losses. CON drank ad libitum of commercially-available electrolyte solution. Exercise trials consisted of two phases: (1) 45 min constant workload; (2) high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIT) until exhaustion. Fluids were only provided in phase 1. PHS had a significantly greater fluid intake (HYP+PHS: 831.7 ± 166.4 g; NOR+PHS: 734.2 ± 144.9 g) compared to CON (HYP+CON: 369.8 ± 221.7 g; NOR+CON: 272.3 ± 143.0 g), regardless of environmental conditions ( < 0.001). HYP+CON produced the lowest sweat sodium concentration (56.2 ± 9.0 mmol/L) compared to other trials ( < 0.001). HYP+PHS had a slower elevated thirst perception and a longer HIIT (765 ± 452 s) compared to HYP+CON (548 ± 283 s, = 0.04). Thus, PHS reinforces fluid intake and successfully optimizes hydration status, regardless of environmental conditions. PHS may be or is an important factor in preventing negative physiological consequences during high-intensity exercise in the heat.
出汗率和电解质流失个体间差异较大。个性化补水策略可以解决这个问题，满足个人需求。本研究旨在探讨个性化补水策略（PHS）对液体平衡和间歇性运动表现的影响。12 名参与者进行了 11 次实验室访问，包括 VO2 测试和 2 次 5 天的试验臂，在常温（NOR）或高温（HYP）环境条件下进行。每个试验臂开始前 3 天进行熟悉运动，然后进行 2 次随机运动试验，采用 PHS 或对照（CON）。然后，参与者交叉到第二个试验臂，分别为：NOR+PHS、NOR+CON、HYP+PHS 或 HYP+CON。PHS 根据参与者的液体和汗液钠流失情况进行处方。CON 自由饮用市售电解质溶液。运动试验包括两个阶段：（1）45 分钟恒负荷；（2）高强度间歇运动（HIIT）直至力竭。仅在第一阶段提供液体。与 CON 相比，PHS 摄入的液体量明显更多（HYP+PHS：831.7 ± 166.4 g；NOR+PHS：734.2 ± 144.9 g），与环境条件无关（<0.001）。与其他试验相比，HYP+CON 的汗液钠浓度最低（56.2 ± 9.0 mmol/L）（<0.001）。与 HYP+CON 相比，HYP+PHS 的口渴感知升高较慢，HIIT 持续时间更长（765 ± 452 s 比 548 ± 283 s， = 0.04）。因此，无论环境条件如何，PHS 都能增强液体摄入，成功优化水合状态。PHS 可能是或已经成为高强度运动中预防热应激负面生理后果的重要因素。
