Grant Vernon, Brown Blakely, Swaney Gyda, Hollist Dusten, Harris Kari Jo, Noonan Curtis W, Gaskill Steve
Department of Health and Human Performance, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
Department of Psychology, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2015 Aug 15;2:658-63. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.08.012. eCollection 2015.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an 8-week recess intervention on physical activity levels in children attending elementary school on an American Indian reservation during fall 2013. Physical activity was measured with direct observation in three zones on the playground. Lines were painted on existing pavement in zone 1. Zone 2 had permanent playground equipment and was unchanged. Zone 3 contained fields where bi-weekly facilitators led activities and provided equipment. Pre- to post-changes during recess in sedentary, moderate physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous, and vigorous physical activities were compared within zones. Females physical activity increased in Zone 1 (moderate: 100% increase; moderate-to-vigorous: 83%; vigorous: 74%, p < 0.01 for all) and Zone 3 (moderate: 54% increase, p < 0.01; moderate-to-vigorous: 48%, p < 0.01; vigorous: 40%, p < 0.05). Male sedentary activity decreased in Zone 2 (161%, p < 0.01). Physical activity changes in Zone 3 were not dependent upon the presence of a facilitator. Simple and low-cost strategies were effective at increasing recess physical activity in females. The findings also suggest that providing children games that are led by a facilitator is not necessary to increase physical activity as long as proper equipment is provided.
本研究的目的是确定2013年秋季在一个美洲印第安人保留地的小学进行的为期8周的课间休息干预对儿童身体活动水平的影响。通过在操场的三个区域进行直接观察来测量身体活动。在1区的现有路面上画了线。2区有永久性的操场设备，未作改变。3区有场地，每两周有指导人员带领活动并提供设备。比较了各区域课间休息期间从久坐、适度身体活动、中度至剧烈身体活动到剧烈身体活动的前后变化。1区（适度身体活动：增加100%；中度至剧烈身体活动：增加83%；剧烈身体活动：增加74%，所有p<0.01）和3区（适度身体活动：增加54%，p<0.01；中度至剧烈身体活动：增加48%，p<0.01；剧烈身体活动：增加40%，p<0.05）女性的身体活动增加。2区男性的久坐活动减少（161%，p<0.01）。3区的身体活动变化不依赖于指导人员的在场。简单且低成本的策略在增加女性课间休息身体活动方面是有效的。研究结果还表明，只要提供适当的设备，为儿童提供由指导人员带领的游戏对于增加身体活动并非必要。
