Koton P
Clinical Decision Making, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 1989 Oct-Nov;30(2-3):177-84. doi: 10.1016/0169-2607(89)90070-9.
A physician's problem-solving performance improves with experience. The performance of most medical expert systems does not. The author has developed a diagnosis program for coronary disease that improves its performance by remembering and learning from cases that it has already solved. The program diagnoses commonly-seen problems efficiently by recalling similar, previous cases and adapting their solutions through simple modifications. When it lacks experience in solving a particular type of problem, the program resorts to reasoning from a physiological model, then remembers the solution for future use. The program can produce solutions identical to those derived by a model-based expert system for the same domain, but with an increase of two orders of magnitude in efficiency. The method described is independent of the particular domain and should be generally applicable.
医生的问题解决能力会随着经验的积累而提高。然而，大多数医学专家系统的表现却并非如此。作者开发了一个用于诊断冠心病的程序，该程序通过记忆并从已解决的病例中学习来提高其性能。该程序通过回忆相似的过往病例并通过简单修改来调整解决方案，从而高效地诊断常见问题。当缺乏解决特定类型问题的经验时，该程序会借助生理模型进行推理，然后记住解决方案以供未来使用。该程序能够得出与同一领域基于模型的专家系统相同的解决方案，但效率提高了两个数量级。所描述的方法独立于特定领域，应具有普遍适用性。
