Szolovits P, Patil R S, Schwartz W B
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.
Ann Intern Med. 1988 Jan;108(1):80-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-108-1-80.
In an attempt to overcome limitations inherent in conventional computer-aided diagnosis, investigators have created programs that simulate expert human reasoning. Hopes that such a strategy would lead to clinically useful programs have not been fulfilled, but many of the problems impeding creation of effective artificial intelligence programs have been solved. Strategies have been developed to limit the number of hypotheses that a program must consider and to incorporate pathophysiologic reasoning. The latter innovation permits a program to analyze cases in which one disorder influences the presentation of another. Prototypes embodying such reasoning can explain their conclusions in medical terms that can be reviewed by the user. Despite these advances, further major research and developmental efforts will be necessary before expert performance by the computer becomes a reality.
为了克服传统计算机辅助诊断固有的局限性，研究人员创建了模拟人类专家推理的程序。希望这种策略能产生临床实用程序的愿望尚未实现，但阻碍创建有效人工智能程序的许多问题已经得到解决。已经开发出策略来限制程序必须考虑的假设数量，并纳入病理生理推理。后一项创新使程序能够分析一种疾病影响另一种疾病表现的病例。体现这种推理的原型可以用医学术语解释其结论，供用户审查。尽管有这些进展，但在计算机实现专家级表现成为现实之前，还需要进一步的重大研究和开发努力。
