Murray Aja Louise, Eisner Manuel, Ribeaud Denis
Violence Research Centre, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 9DA, UK.
Criminological Research Unit, Chair of Sociology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2016 Nov;44(8):1573-1586. doi: 10.1007/s10802-016-0132-1.
Recent studies have suggested that the structure of psychopathology may be usefully represented in terms of a general factor of psychopathology (p-factor) capturing variance common to a broad range of symptoms transcending diagnostic domains in addition to specific factors capturing variance common to smaller subsets of more closely related symptoms. Little is known about how the general co-morbidity captured by this p-factor develops and whether general co-morbidity increases or decreases over childhood and adolescence. We evaluated two competing hypotheses: 1) dynamic mutualism which predicts growth in general co-morbidity and associated p-factor strength over time and 2) p-differentiation which predicts that manifestations of liabilities towards psychopathology become increasingly specific over time. Data came from the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths (z-proso), a longitudinal study of a normative sample (approx. 50 % male) measured at 8 time points from ages 7 to 15. We operationalised general co-morbidity as p-factor strength in a bi-factor model and used omega hierarchical to track how this changed over development. In contrast to the predictions of both dynamic mutualism and p-differentiation, p-factor strength remained relatively constant over the studied period suggesting that such processes do not govern the interplay between psychopathological symptoms during this phase of development. Future research should focus on earlier phases of development and on factors that maintain the consistency of symptom-general covariation across this period.
最近的研究表明，精神病理学的结构可以通过精神病理学的一般因素（p因素）有效地呈现出来，该因素捕捉跨越诊断领域的广泛症状所共有的变异，此外还有特定因素捕捉更密切相关症状的较小子集中所共有的变异。关于这个p因素所捕捉的一般共病如何发展，以及在儿童期和青少年期一般共病是增加还是减少，人们知之甚少。我们评估了两种相互竞争的假设：1）动态共生，预测一般共病和相关p因素强度会随时间增长；2）p分化，预测精神病理学倾向的表现会随时间变得越来越具体。数据来自苏黎世儿童和青少年社会发展项目（z-proso），这是一项对一个正常样本（约50%为男性）的纵向研究，在7至15岁的8个时间点进行测量。我们在双因素模型中将一般共病操作化为p因素强度，并使用欧米伽层次分析法来追踪其在发育过程中的变化。与动态共生和p分化的预测相反，p因素强度在研究期间保持相对稳定，这表明这些过程并不支配这一发育阶段精神病理症状之间的相互作用。未来的研究应关注发育的早期阶段以及维持这一时期症状-一般共变一致性的因素。
