Ghizzoni Giorgio, Mirandi Maria, Garofalo Carlo, Mazzeschi Claudia, Delvecchio Elisa
Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Clin Psychol Psychother. 2025 May-Jun;32(3):e70072. doi: 10.1002/cpp.70072.
Transdiagnostic programmes are useful for helping people with internalizing symptoms and comorbid psychopathology. These programmes have as their basic idea that disorders are not separate entities but share common aetiological and maintenance processes. Their use is important with children, who tend to present less differentiated psychopathological manifestations than adults. This systematic review aimed to examine the effectiveness of four evidence-based transdiagnostic programmes: FRIENDS, Pyramid Club, Unified Protocol for Children (UP-C) and Super Skills for Life (SSL). Studies from 2018 to 2023 including children between 4 and 14 years of age were examined. Following PRISMA guidelines, 48 studies that met the inclusion criteria were considered. Most of the studies referred to treatment, only a few used the selected transdiagnostic programmes for prevention, most notably FRIENDS and SSL. Very few of the studies reviewed have been randomized controlled trials, limiting the possibility to examine incremental benefits of these programmes over alternative approaches. The findings show that all programmes showed evidence of effectiveness, but UP-C and SSL appear to be the most promising transdiagnostic programmes for the prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression in children as supported by more numerous studies in recent years. Moreover, UP-C and SSL specifically appeared effective in reducing externalizing problems and improving social skills and prosocial behaviour. Although the results presented are promising, they should be regarded as provisional and in need of further support in randomized controlled trials to test the effectiveness of these evidence-based programmes to ensure the psychological well-being of children and thus reduce healthcare costs.
跨诊断项目有助于帮助有内化症状和共病精神病理学问题的人。这些项目的基本理念是，各种障碍并非独立的实体，而是共享共同的病因和维持过程。对于儿童来说，这些项目的应用很重要，因为儿童往往比成人表现出更不具分化性的精神病理学表现。本系统综述旨在检验四个循证跨诊断项目的有效性：FRIENDS、金字塔俱乐部、儿童统一方案（UP-C）和生活超级技能（SSL）。对2018年至2023年期间纳入4至14岁儿童的研究进行了审查。按照PRISMA指南，48项符合纳入标准的研究被纳入考量。大多数研究涉及治疗，只有少数研究使用选定的跨诊断项目进行预防，最显著的是FRIENDS和SSL。所审查的研究中很少有随机对照试验，这限制了检验这些项目相对于其他方法的增量效益的可能性。研究结果表明，所有项目都显示出有效性的证据，但近年来更多研究支持，UP-C和SSL似乎是预防和治疗儿童焦虑和抑郁最有前景的跨诊断项目。此外，UP-C和SSL在减少外化问题以及提高社交技能和亲社会行为方面特别有效。尽管所呈现的结果很有前景，但应将其视为临时结果，需要在随机对照试验中获得进一步支持，以检验这些循证项目的有效性，从而确保儿童的心理健康并降低医疗成本。
