Assone Tatiane, Paiva Arthur, Fonseca Luiz Augusto M, Casseb Jorge
Laboratory of Dermatology and Immune deficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, LIM56, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 3rd Floor, Building II, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Viruses. 2016 Feb 3;8(2):38. doi: 10.3390/v8020038.
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are prevalent worldwide, and share similar means of transmission. These infections may influence each other in evolution and outcome, including cancer or immunodeficiency. Many studies have reported the influence of genetic markers on the host immune response against different persistent viral infections, such as HTLV-1 infection, pointing to the importance of the individual genetic background on their outcomes. However, despite recent advances on the knowledge of the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection, gaps in the understanding of the role of the individual genetic background on the progress to disease clinically manifested still remain. In this scenario, much less is known regarding the influence of genetic factors in the context of dual or triple infections or their influence on the underlying mechanisms that lead to outcomes that differ from those observed in monoinfection. This review describes the main factors involved in the virus-host balance, especially for some particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, and other important genetic markers in the development of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and other persistent viruses, such as HIV and HCV.
1型人类T细胞白血病病毒（HTLV-1）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）在全球广泛流行，且传播途径相似。这些感染在进化和结局方面可能相互影响，包括癌症或免疫缺陷。许多研究报告了遗传标记对宿主针对不同持续性病毒感染（如HTLV-1感染）的免疫反应的影响，表明个体遗传背景对其结局的重要性。然而，尽管近年来在HTLV-1感染发病机制的认识上取得了进展，但在理解个体遗传背景在临床表现疾病进展中的作用方面仍存在差距。在这种情况下，关于遗传因素在双重或三重感染背景下的影响或其对导致与单一感染不同结局的潜在机制的影响，所知甚少。本综述描述了病毒-宿主平衡中涉及的主要因素，特别是一些特定的人类白细胞抗原（HLA）单倍型，以及在HTLV-1相关脊髓病/热带痉挛性截瘫（HAM/TSP）和其他持续性病毒（如HIV和HCV）发展中的其他重要遗传标记。
