Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2016 Oct;95(Pt B):343-349. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.01.005. Epub 2016 Feb 2.
Drunk driving (blood alcohol concentration (BAC) 80mg/100ml) was upgraded to become a criminal offence under China's Criminal Law in May 2011. While this had a major road safety benefit, there was still a high level of alcohol related crashes and fatalities. This paper develops recommendations based on a programme of research undertaken in 2012 that examined the perceptions of general motor vehicle drivers, convicted drunk driving offenders and traffic police about drinking and driving and law enforcement in the cities of Guangzhou and Yinchuan. Alcohol misuse problems were also explored using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). This paper integrates the findings to examine existing problems in alcohol management, law enforcement, education and rehabilitation and provides recommendations for addressing alcohol-related driving in China.
A multi-study cross-sectional research programme was conducted in two Chinese cities involving general drivers, drunk driving offenders and traffic police. In total, 16 traffic police officers were interviewed and 105 traffic police officers were surveyed. In addition, 207 drunk driving offenders in detention facilities and 802 general motor vehicle drivers were surveyed.
Traffic police resources including human resources and facilities such as breathalysers were reported as insufficient in both cities. There were problems reported in the process of law enforcement, and shortcomings in police knowledge of factors involved in drink/drunk driving and in the practice of conducting breath alcohol testing (BAT). Knowledge about legal BAC levels and how to keep under the legal limit was very low among general motor vehicle drivers and drunk driving offenders. Proportions with alcohol misuse problems in the two driver groups were high, especially among offenders.
Recommendations to manage alcohol-related driving are proposed for the three groups of traffic police, general motor vehicle drivers and drunk driving offenders. In particular, traffic police resources need to be improved and further education provided to police on the general deterrence potential of BAT. There should be enhanced community education and publicity to improve knowledge of drink driving regulations and how to avoid breaking the law. Alcohol misuse problems should be addressed, particularly for drunk driving offenders.
2011 年 5 月，中国《刑法》将醉酒驾车（血液酒精浓度 80mg/100ml）升级为刑事犯罪。虽然这对道路安全有重大意义，但仍有大量与酒精相关的车祸和死亡事件。本文基于 2012 年开展的一项研究计划，针对广州和银川两市的普通机动车驾驶员、醉酒驾车罪犯和交通警察对酒后驾车和执法的看法，以及酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）在酒精滥用问题方面的应用提出了建议。本文综合了这些发现，以考察中国在酒精管理、执法、教育和康复方面存在的问题，并为解决与酒精相关的驾驶问题提供建议。
本研究采用多阶段横断面研究方案，在中国的两个城市开展，涉及普通驾驶员、醉酒驾车罪犯和交通警察。共有 16 名交通警察接受了访谈，105 名交通警察接受了调查。此外，还对看守所内的 207 名醉酒驾车罪犯和 802 名普通机动车驾驶员进行了调查。
两个城市的交通警察都报告称，人力资源和呼吸酒精测试设备等资源不足。执法过程中存在问题，警察对与饮酒/醉酒驾驶相关因素的了解以及进行呼气酒精测试（BAT）的实践存在不足。普通机动车驾驶员和醉酒驾车罪犯对法定血液酒精含量水平以及如何保持在法定限制以下的了解非常有限。两个驾驶员群体中存在酒精使用障碍问题的比例都很高，尤其是罪犯群体。
针对交通警察、普通机动车驾驶员和醉酒驾车罪犯这三个群体，提出了管理与酒精相关的驾驶行为的建议。特别是需要改善交通警察资源，并进一步对警察进行关于 BAT 的一般威慑潜力的教育。应加强社区教育和宣传，提高对酒驾法规以及如何避免违法的了解。应解决酒精使用障碍问题，尤其是针对醉酒驾车罪犯。
