Jia Keqin, King Mark, Fleiter Judy, Sheehan Mary, Ma Wenjun, Lei Jing, Zhang Jianzhen
a Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2015;16(7):652-7. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.1001509.
Drink driving contributes to significant levels of injury and economic loss in China but is not well researched. This study examined knowledge, drink-driving practices, and alcohol misuse problems among general drivers in Yinchuan. The objectives were to gain a better understanding of drink driving in Yinchuan, identify areas that need to be addressed, and compare the results with a similar study in Guangzhou.
This was a cross-sectional study with a survey designed to collect information on participants' demographic characteristics and their knowledge and practices in relation to drinking and driving. The survey was composed of questions on knowledge and practices in relation to drink driving and was administered to a convenience sample of 406 drivers. Alcohol misuse problems were assessed by using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).
Males accounted for the main proportion of drivers sampled from the general population ("general drivers"). A majority of general drivers in both cities knew that drunk driving had become a criminal offense in 2011; however, knowledge of 2 legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits was quite low. Fewer drivers in Yinchuan (22.6%) than in Guangzhou (27.9) reported having been stopped by police conducting breath alcohol testing at least once in the last 12 months. The mean AUDIT score in Yinchuan (M = 8.2) was higher than that in Guangzhou (M = 7.4), and the proportion of Yinchuan drivers with medium or higher alcohol misuse problems (31.2%) was correspondingly higher than in Guangzhou (23.1%). In Yinchuan, males had a significantly higher AUDIT score than females (t = 3.454, P <.001), similar to Guangzhou. Multiple regression analyses were conducted on potential predictors of the AUDIT score (age, gender, monthly income, education level, years licensed, and age started drinking). There were significant individual contributions of gender (beta = 0.173, P =.09) and age at which drinking started (beta = 0.141, P =.033), but the overall model for Yinchuan was not significant, unlike Guangzhou.
The results show that there are shortfalls in knowledge of the legislation and how to comply with it and deficiencies in police enforcement. In addition, there was evidence of drink driving and drink riding at high levels in both cities. Recommendations are made to address these issues.
在中国，酒后驾车导致了大量人员伤亡和经济损失，但相关研究较少。本研究调查了银川市普通驾驶员的酒驾知识、酒驾行为以及酒精滥用问题。目的是更好地了解银川市的酒驾情况，确定需要解决的问题，并将结果与广州的一项类似研究进行比较。
这是一项横断面研究，通过一项调查收集参与者的人口统计学特征以及他们与饮酒和驾驶相关的知识与行为信息。该调查由与酒驾相关的知识和行为问题组成，对406名驾驶员的便利样本进行了调查。使用酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）评估酒精滥用问题。
在从普通人群中抽取的驾驶员样本（“普通驾驶员”）中，男性占主要比例。两个城市的大多数普通驾驶员都知道酒后驾车在2011年已成为刑事犯罪；然而，对两个法定血液酒精浓度（BAC）限值的知晓率相当低。在过去12个月中，银川市报告至少被警察进行过一次呼气酒精测试的驾驶员（22.6%）少于广州市（27.9%）。银川市的AUDIT平均得分（M = 8.2）高于广州市（M = 7.4），银川市存在中度或更高酒精滥用问题的驾驶员比例（31.2%）相应高于广州市（23.1%）。在银川市，男性的AUDIT得分显著高于女性（t = 3.454，P <.001），与广州市情况类似。对AUDIT得分的潜在预测因素（年龄、性别、月收入、教育水平、领证年限以及开始饮酒的年龄）进行了多元回归分析。性别（β = 0.173，P =.09）和开始饮酒的年龄（β = 0.141，P =.033）有显著的个体贡献，但与广州市不同，银川市的总体模型不显著。
结果表明，在立法知识以及如何遵守法律方面存在不足，警察执法也存在缺陷。此外，有证据表明两个城市都存在大量酒驾和酒后骑行现象。针对这些问题提出了建议。
