Dos Santos A F, Nakagawa T H, Nakashima G Y, Maciel C D, Serrão F
Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
Int J Sports Med. 2016 May;37(5):369-73. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1564173. Epub 2016 Feb 8.
This study aimed to compare the immediate effects of 3 running technique modifications on the ankle, knee, hip and trunk kinematics and on the perceived comfort in healthy runners. The modifications were: forefoot striking pattern (FFOOT); increasing 10% of step rate (10% SR); and increasing forward trunk lean (FTL). 31 healthy runners participated. 3-dimensional lower limb and trunk kinematics were quantified while performing each condition on a treadmill. At initial contact, the FFOOT showed an increase in plantar flexion and knee external rotation, and reduction in knee flexion and adduction. During the stance phase, this condition showed greater peak knee external rotation and less mean and peak dorsiflexion and knee flexion. The 10% SR resulted in less hip flexion at initial contact. During the stance phase this technique showed less mean and peak knee flexion, peak reduction for dorsiflexion, knee abduction, hip flexion and hip adduction. At initial contact and during the stance phase, the FTL caused greater knee adduction and hip flexion. The usual running was the most comfortable technique. The techniques showed different lower limb kinematic modifications; which could potentially reduce knee injury risk. This knowledge is clinically relevant as it can be used to better prescribe techniques in prevention and rehabilitation programs.
本研究旨在比较3种跑步技术改进对健康跑步者踝关节、膝关节、髋关节和躯干运动学以及感知舒适度的即时影响。这些改进包括：前脚掌着地模式（FFOOT）；步频增加10%（10%SR）；以及增加躯干前倾（FTL）。31名健康跑步者参与了研究。在跑步机上进行每种情况时，对下肢和躯干的三维运动学进行了量化。在初始接触时，FFOOT表现为跖屈增加和膝关节外旋增加，膝关节屈曲和内收减少。在站立阶段，这种情况表现为更大的膝关节外旋峰值，以及更小的平均背屈和峰值背屈以及膝关节屈曲。10%SR在初始接触时导致髋关节屈曲减少。在站立阶段，这种技术表现出更小的平均和峰值膝关节屈曲、背屈峰值降低、膝关节外展、髋关节屈曲和髋关节内收。在初始接触和站立阶段，FTL导致更大的膝关节内收和髋关节屈曲。通常的跑步方式是最舒适的技术。这些技术显示出不同的下肢运动学改变；这可能会降低膝关节受伤风险。这些知识具有临床相关性，因为它可用于在预防和康复计划中更好地规定技术。
