Ciaccia Kimberly A, John Rita Marie
J Pediatr Health Care. 2016 May-Jun;30(3):231-40. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.12.009. Epub 2016 Feb 5.
The number of unaccompanied immigrant minors (UIMs) from Central America significantly increased in 2014. Nearly 50,000 children from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras crossed the United States-Mexico border in 2014, compared with 3,933 in 2011. Few resources exist to guide pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) in their care of UIM. The multifactorial reasons behind migration and the state of children's health in Central America provide insight into the needs of UIMs. Guidelines for similar groups such as foreign-born children and refugees offer direction for the health care considerations of UIMs. This article provides demographic information on UIMs, highlights the unique and challenging medical and mental health issues facing UIMs, and discusses the role of the PNP. A UIM's initial visit with a PNP serves as an opportunity to build trust through culturally competent, trauma-informed care, provide preventive care, assess for unmet health needs, and screen for mental health conditions.
2014年，来自中美洲的无人陪伴移民未成年人数量大幅增加。2014年，近5万名来自萨尔瓦多、危地马拉和洪都拉斯的儿童穿越了美国与墨西哥的边境，而2011年这一数字为3933人。在照顾无人陪伴移民未成年人方面，几乎没有资源可用于指导儿科执业护士。移民背后的多方面原因以及中美洲儿童的健康状况为了解无人陪伴移民未成年人的需求提供了线索。针对外国出生儿童和难民等类似群体的指导方针为无人陪伴移民未成年人的医疗保健考量提供了方向。本文提供了有关无人陪伴移民未成年人的人口统计信息，强调了他们面临的独特且具有挑战性的医疗和心理健康问题，并讨论了儿科执业护士的作用。无人陪伴移民未成年人首次就诊于儿科执业护士，这是一个通过具备文化能力、了解创伤情况的护理建立信任的机会，提供预防性护理，评估未满足的健康需求，并筛查心理健康状况。
