Woods Nancy Fugate, Rillamas-Sun Eileen, Cochrane Barbara B, La Croix Andrea Z, Seeman Teresa E, Tindle Hilary A, Zaslavsky Oleg, Bird Chloe E, Johnson Karen C, Manson JoAnn E, Ockene Judith K, Seguin Rebecca A, Wallace Robert B
Department of Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016 Mar;71 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S3-S12. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glv054.
As the proportion of the population aged 80 and over accelerates, so does the value of understanding the processes of aging well. The purposes of this article are to: (a) review contemporary theoretical and conceptual perspectives on aging well, (b) describe indicators of aging well that reflect key concepts and perspectives as assessed in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and (c) characterize the status of aging among women aged 80 and older using data obtained from WHI participants at the WHI Extension 2 follow-up.
Data from the Lifestyle Questionnaire, which was administered from 2011 to 2012 during the WHI Follow-up Study (Extension 2), were analyzed to provide a profile of the WHI cohort with respect to aging well.
Data revealed substantial diversity in the cohort with respect to the various measures of aging well. Although many reported physical functioning levels consistent with disability, most rated their health as good or better. Most reported moderately high levels of resilience, self-control, and self-mastery but lower levels of environmental mastery. Finally, the cohort reported high levels of optimal aging as reflected by their high levels of emotional well-being and moderately high levels of life satisfaction and social support, but more modest levels of personal growth and purpose in life.
The wide range of some dimensions of aging well suggest that further examination of predictors of positive coping and resilience in the face of aging-related disability could identify opportunities to support and facilitate aging well among U.S. women.
随着80岁及以上人口比例的加速增长，了解健康老龄化过程的价值也日益凸显。本文的目的是：（a）回顾当代关于健康老龄化的理论和概念观点；（b）描述健康老龄化的指标，这些指标反映了在妇女健康倡议（WHI）中评估的关键概念和观点；（c）利用在WHI扩展2随访中从WHI参与者获得的数据，描述80岁及以上女性的老龄化状况。
分析了2011年至2012年在WHI随访研究（扩展2）期间进行的生活方式问卷调查数据，以提供WHI队列在健康老龄化方面的概况。
数据显示，在健康老龄化的各项衡量指标方面，该队列存在很大差异。尽管许多人报告的身体功能水平与残疾相符，但大多数人对自己健康状况的评价为良好或更好。大多数人报告的恢复力、自我控制和自我掌控水平中等偏高，但环境掌控水平较低。最后，该队列报告的最佳老龄化水平较高，这体现在他们较高的情绪幸福感、中等偏高的生活满意度和社会支持水平上，但个人成长和生活目标水平则较为一般。
健康老龄化某些维度的广泛差异表明，进一步研究面对与衰老相关残疾时积极应对和恢复力的预测因素，可能会找到支持和促进美国女性健康老龄化的机会。
