Dimasuay Kris Genelyn, Boeuf Philippe, Powell Theresa L, Jansson Thomas
Department of Medicine, The University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA.
Department of Medicine, The University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Physiol. 2016 Jan 29;7:12. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00012. eCollection 2016.
Placental responses to maternal perturbations are complex and remain poorly understood. Altered maternal environment during pregnancy such as hypoxia, stress, obesity, diabetes, toxins, altered nutrition, inflammation, and reduced utero-placental blood flow may influence fetal development, which can predispose to diseases later in life. The placenta being a metabolically active tissue responds to these perturbations by regulating the fetal supply of nutrients and oxygen and secretion of hormones into the maternal and fetal circulation. We have proposed that placental nutrient sensing integrates maternal and fetal nutritional cues with information from intrinsic nutrient sensing signaling pathways to balance fetal demand with the ability of the mother to support pregnancy by regulating maternal physiology, placental growth, and placental nutrient transport. Emerging evidence suggests that the nutrient-sensing signaling pathway mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a central role in this process. Thus, placental nutrient sensing plays a critical role in modulating maternal-fetal resource allocation, thereby affecting fetal growth and the life-long health of the fetus.
胎盘对母体干扰的反应很复杂，目前仍知之甚少。孕期母体环境的改变，如缺氧、应激、肥胖、糖尿病、毒素、营养改变、炎症以及子宫胎盘血流减少等，可能会影响胎儿发育，进而使胎儿在日后生活中易患疾病。胎盘作为一个代谢活跃的组织，通过调节胎儿的营养和氧气供应以及向母体和胎儿循环中分泌激素来应对这些干扰。我们提出，胎盘营养感知将母体和胎儿的营养信号与来自内在营养感知信号通路的信息整合起来，通过调节母体生理、胎盘生长和胎盘营养转运，平衡胎儿需求与母亲支持妊娠的能力。新出现的证据表明，营养感知信号通路雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）在这一过程中起着核心作用。因此，胎盘营养感知在调节母胎资源分配方面起着关键作用，从而影响胎儿生长和胎儿的终身健康。
