James-Todd Tamarra M, Meeker John D, Huang Tianyi, Hauser Russ, Seely Ellen W, Ferguson Kelly K, Rich-Edwards Janet W, McElrath Thomas F
Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2017 Mar;27(2):160-166. doi: 10.1038/jes.2016.2. Epub 2016 Feb 10.
Higher concentrations of certain phthalate metabolites are associated with adverse reproductive and pregnancy outcomes, as well as poor infant/child health outcomes. In non-pregnant populations, phthalate metabolite concentrations vary by race/ethnicity. Few studies have documented racial/ethnic differences between phthalate metabolite concentrations at multiple time points across the full-course of pregnancy. The objective of the study was to characterize the change in phthalate metabolite concentrations by race/ethnicity across multiple pregnancy time points. Women were participants in a prospectively collected pregnancy cohort who delivered at term (≥37 weeks) and had available urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations for ≥3 time points across full-term pregnancies (n=350 women). We assessed urinary concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites that were log-transformed and specific gravity-adjusted. We evaluated the potential racial/ethnic differences in phthalate metabolite concentrations at baseline (median 10 weeks gestation) using ANOVA and across pregnancy using linear mixed models to calculate the percent change and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Almost 30% of the population were non-Hispanic black or Hispanic. With the exception of mono-(3-carboxypropyl) (MCPP) and di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites, baseline levels of phthalate metabolites were significantly higher in non-whites (P<0.05). When evaluating patterns by race/ethnicity, mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) and MCPP had significant percent changes across pregnancy. MEP was higher in Hispanics at baseline and decreased in mid-pregnancy but increased in late pregnancy for non-Hispanic blacks. MCPP was substantially higher in non-Hispanic blacks at baseline but decreased later in pregnancy. Across pregnancy, non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women had higher concentrations of certain phthalate metabolites. These differences may have implications for racial/ethnic differences in adverse pregnancy and child health outcomes.
某些邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的较高浓度与不良生殖和妊娠结局以及婴幼儿健康状况不佳有关。在非妊娠人群中，邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度因种族/族裔而异。很少有研究记录整个孕期多个时间点邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度的种族/族裔差异。本研究的目的是描述不同种族/族裔在多个妊娠时间点邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度的变化情况。研究对象为前瞻性收集的妊娠队列中的女性，她们足月分娩（≥37周），并且在整个足月妊娠期间有≥3个时间点的尿邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度数据（n = 350名女性）。我们评估了8种经对数转换和比重校正的邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的尿浓度。我们使用方差分析评估基线时（妊娠中位数10周）邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度的潜在种族/族裔差异，并使用线性混合模型评估整个孕期的差异，以计算调整社会人口统计学和生活方式因素后的百分比变化及95%置信区间。近30%的人群为非西班牙裔黑人或西班牙裔。除单（3 - 羧丙基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MCPP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2 - 乙基己基）酯（DEHP）代谢物外，非白人的邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物基线水平显著更高（P<0.05）。在按种族/族裔评估变化模式时，邻苯二甲酸单乙酯（MEP）和MCPP在整个孕期有显著的百分比变化。MEP在基线时西班牙裔中较高，在妊娠中期下降，但在妊娠晚期非西班牙裔黑人中升高。MCPP在基线时非西班牙裔黑人中显著更高，但在妊娠后期下降。在整个孕期，非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔女性的某些邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度较高。这些差异可能对不良妊娠和儿童健康结局的种族/族裔差异产生影响。
