Alors David, Lumbsch H Thorsten, Divakar Pradeep K, Leavitt Steven D, Crespo Ana
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, Spain.
Science and Education, Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2016 Feb 10;11(2):e0146537. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146537. eCollection 2016.
High levels of cryptic diversity have been documented in lichenized fungi, especially in Parmeliaceae, and integrating various lines of evidence, including coalescent-based species delimitation approaches, help establish more robust species circumscriptions. In this study, we used an integrative taxonomic approach to delimit species in the lichen-forming fungal genus Punctelia (Parmeliaceae), with a particular focus on the cosmopolitan species P. rudecta. Nuclear, mitochondrial ribosomal DNA and protein-coding DNA sequences were analyzed in phylogenetic and coalescence-based frameworks. Additionally, morphological, ecological and geographical features of the sampled specimens were evaluated. Five major strongly supported monophyletic clades were recognized in the genus Punctelia, and each clade could be characterized by distinct patterns in medullary chemistry. Punctelia rudecta as currently circumscribed was shown to be polyphyletic. A variety of empirical species delimitation methods provide evidence for a minimum of four geographically isolated species within the nominal taxon Punctelia rudecta, including a newly described saxicolous species, P. guanchica, and three corticolous species. In order to facilitate reliable sample identification for biodiversity, conservation, and air quality bio-monitoring research, these three species have been epitypified, in addition to the description of a new species.
在地衣化真菌中，尤其是在梅衣科中，已记录到高度的隐秘多样性，整合包括基于溯祖的物种界定方法在内的各种证据，有助于建立更可靠的物种界定。在本研究中，我们采用综合分类学方法来界定地衣形成真菌属Punctelia（梅衣科）中的物种，特别关注广布种P. rudecta。在系统发育和基于溯祖的框架下分析了核、线粒体核糖体DNA和蛋白质编码DNA序列。此外，还评估了所采集标本的形态、生态和地理特征。在Punctelia属中识别出五个主要的得到有力支持的单系分支，每个分支可通过髓层化学的不同模式来表征。目前界定的Punctelia rudecta被证明是多系的。各种实证物种界定方法为在名义分类单元Punctelia rudecta内至少有四个地理隔离的物种提供了证据，包括一个新描述的生于岩石上的物种P. guanchica和三个生于树皮上的物种。为了便于在生物多样性、保护和空气质量生物监测研究中进行可靠的样本鉴定，除了描述一个新物种外，还对这三个物种进行了后选模式指定。
