Kraichak Ekaphan, Divakar Pradeep K, Crespo Ana, Leavitt Steven D, Nelsen Matthew P, Lücking Robert, Lumbsch H Thorsten
1] Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605 USA [2] Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand.
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2015 May 6;5:10028. doi: 10.1038/srep10028.
Renewed interests in macroevolutionary dynamics have led to the proliferation of studies on diversification processes in large taxonomic groups, such as angiosperms, mammals, and birds. However, such a study has yet to be conducted in lichenized fungi--an extremely successful and diverse group of fungi. Analysing the most comprehensive time-calibrated phylogenies with a new analytical method, we illustrated drastically different diversification dynamics between two hyper-diverse families of lichenized fungi, Graphidaceae and Parmeliaceae, which represent more than a fourth of the total species diversity of lichenized fungi. Despite adopting a similar nutrition mode and having a similar number of species, Graphidaceae exhibited a lower speciation rate, while Parmeliaceae showed a sharp increase in speciation rate that corresponded with the aridification during the Oligocene-Miocene transition, suggesting their adaptive radiation into a novel arid habitat.
对宏观进化动力学的重新关注促使了对大型分类群（如被子植物、哺乳动物和鸟类）多样化过程研究的激增。然而，对于地衣化真菌（一类极其成功且多样的真菌）尚未开展此类研究。通过一种新的分析方法分析最全面的时间校准系统发育树，我们阐明了地衣化真菌中两个超多样科——茶渍科和梅衣科之间截然不同的多样化动态，这两个科代表了地衣化真菌总物种多样性的四分之一以上。尽管采用相似的营养模式且物种数量相近，但茶渍科的物种形成速率较低，而梅衣科的物种形成速率则急剧增加，这与渐新世 - 中新世过渡期间的干旱化相对应，表明它们向新的干旱栖息地进行了适应性辐射。
