Focke Anne, Spancken Sina, Stockinger Christian, Thürer Benjamin, Stein Thorsten
a BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2016 Oct;16(7):787-93. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1141996. Epub 2016 Feb 10.
Benefits of bilateral practice both for the non-dominant and for the dominant body side have been shown in several studies. Thereby, most of the studies included movement tasks of the upper extremity or investigated sports games in which the ability of acting bilaterally is an essential basis for success and, thus, a bilateral practice is reasonable anyway. Individual unilaterally performed sports including movement tasks of the lower extremity are rarely investigated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to test if contralateral transfer due to bilateral practice can be found in an unilaterally performed sport including the lower extremity. We trained and tested 61 adolescent athletes in long jump to compare the jumping performance of the dominant leg after a 12-week practice period between two groups: a bilateral practice group that practiced specific long jump exercises with both the dominant and non-dominant leg and an unilateral practice group that practiced specific long jump exercises only with the dominant leg. Results showed a superior effect of bilateral practice compared to unilateral practice regarding the jumping performance of the dominant leg. The performance increase at post-test and retention-test for the dominant limb was significantly higher for the bilateral practice group (pre-to-post: 5.2%, pre-to-retention: 7.4%) compared to the unilateral practice group (pre-to-post: 3.4%, pre-to-retention: 4.5%). Thus, bilateral practice should be established in the early practice programmes of track and field athletes to improve the performance of the dominant take-off leg.
多项研究表明，双侧练习对非优势肢体和优势肢体均有益处。因此，大多数研究纳入了上肢的运动任务，或调查了双侧动作能力是成功关键基础的体育项目，所以无论如何双侧练习都是合理的。很少有研究涉及包括下肢运动任务的个人单侧进行的体育运动。因此，我们研究的目的是测试在一项包括下肢的单侧体育运动中，是否能发现双侧练习带来的对侧肢体迁移效应。我们对61名青少年跳远运动员进行训练和测试，比较在为期12周的练习期后，两组运动员优势腿的跳跃成绩：一组是双侧练习组，用优势腿和非优势腿都进行特定的跳远练习；另一组是单侧练习组，只使用优势腿进行特定的跳远练习。结果显示，在优势腿的跳跃成绩方面，双侧练习比单侧练习效果更佳。与单侧练习组（测试前到测试后：3.4%，测试前到保持测试：4.5%）相比，双侧练习组优势肢体在测试后和保持测试时的成绩提高幅度显著更高（测试前到测试后：5.2%，测试前到保持测试：7.4%）。因此，应在田径运动员的早期训练计划中采用双侧练习，以提高优势起跳腿的表现。
