Busi Roberto, Powles Stephen B
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
Pest Manag Sci. 2016 Sep;72(9):1664-72. doi: 10.1002/ps.4253. Epub 2016 Mar 21.
Weeds can be a greater constraint to crop production than animal pests and pathogens. Pre-emergence herbicides are crucial in many cropping systems to control weeds that have evolved resistance to selective post-emergence herbicides. In this study we assessed the potential to evolve resistance to the pre-emergence herbicides prosulfocarb + S-metolachlor or pyroxasulfone in 50 individual field Lolium rigidum populations collected in a random survey in Western Australia prior to commercialisation of these pre-emergence herbicides.
This study shows for the first time that in randomly collected L. rigidum field populations the selection with either prosulfocarb + S-metolachlor or pyroxasulfone can result in concomitant evolution of resistance to both prosulfocarb + S-metolachlor and pyroxasulfone after three generations.
In the major weed L. rigidum, traits conferring resistance to new herbicides can be present before herbicide commercialisation. Proactive and multidisciplinary research (evolutionary ecology, modelling and molecular biology) is required to detect and analyse resistant populations before they can appear in the field. Several studies show that evolved cross-resistance in weeds is complex and often unpredictable. Thus, long-term management of cross-resistant weeds must be achieved through heterogeneity of selection by effective chemical, cultural and physical weed control strategies that can delay herbicide resistance evolution. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
杂草对作物生产的限制可能比害虫和病原体更大。在许多种植系统中，芽前除草剂对于控制已对选择性芽后除草剂产生抗性的杂草至关重要。在本研究中，我们评估了在西澳大利亚州进行随机调查收集的50个一年生黑麦草田间单株种群中，对芽前除草剂丙酯草醚+精异丙甲草胺或唑吡嘧磺隆产生抗性的可能性，这些芽前除草剂当时尚未商业化。
本研究首次表明，在随机收集的一年生黑麦草田间种群中，用丙酯草醚+精异丙甲草胺或唑吡嘧磺隆进行选择，三代后可能会导致对丙酯草醚+精异丙甲草胺和唑吡嘧磺隆的抗性同时进化。
在主要杂草一年生黑麦草中，赋予对新除草剂抗性的性状可能在除草剂商业化之前就已存在。需要开展积极主动的多学科研究（进化生态学、建模和分子生物学），以便在抗性种群出现在田间之前进行检测和分析。多项研究表明，杂草中进化出的交叉抗性很复杂，而且往往不可预测。因此，必须通过有效的化学、栽培和物理杂草控制策略实现选择的异质性，以延缓除草剂抗性的进化，从而实现对交叉抗性杂草的长期管理。© 2016化学工业协会。
