Miles S H, Lane L W, Bickel J, Walker R M, Cassel C K
Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, IL 60637.
Acad Med. 1989 Dec;64(12):705-14. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198912000-00004.
Medical ethics education is instruction that endeavors to teach the examination of the role of values in the doctor's relationship with patients, colleagues, and society. It is one front of a broad curricular effort to develop physicians' values, social perspectives, and interpersonal skills for the practice of medicine. The authors define medical ethics education as more clinically centered than human values education and more inclusive of philosophical, social, and legal issues than is interpersonal skills training. The authors review the history of the emergence of medical ethics education over the last 20 years, examine the areas of consensus that have emerged concerning the general objectives and premises for designing medical ethics programs, and describe teaching objectives and methods, course content, and program evaluation used in such programs on both preclinical and clinical levels. The four interrelated requirements for successful institutionalization of medical ethics education programs are defined and discussed, and the paper ends with an overview of the uncertain future of medical ethics education, an accepted but still not fully mature part of physician training in the United States. An extensive reference list accompanies the article.
医学伦理学教育旨在教导人们审视价值观在医生与患者、同事及社会关系中的作用。它是广泛课程努力的一个方面，目的是培养医生在医学实践中的价值观、社会视角和人际技能。作者将医学伦理学教育定义为比人文价值观教育更以临床为中心，比人际技能培训更广泛地涵盖哲学、社会和法律问题。作者回顾了过去20年医学伦理学教育兴起的历史，审视了在设计医学伦理学课程的总体目标和前提方面已达成共识的领域，并描述了在临床前和临床层面此类课程中使用的教学目标和方法、课程内容及项目评估。定义并讨论了医学伦理学教育项目成功制度化的四个相互关联的要求，文章最后概述了医学伦理学教育不确定的未来，它在美国是医生培训中已被接受但仍未完全成熟的一部分。文章附有一份详尽的参考文献列表。
