Gasier Heath G, Young Colin R, Gaffney-Stomberg Erin, McAdams Douglas C, Lutz Laura J, McClung James P
Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, Groton, CT 06349, USA.
Nutrients. 2016 Feb 9;8(2):85. doi: 10.3390/nu8020085.
Confined space, limited exercise equipment, rotating shift work and reduced sleep may affect cardiometabolic health in submariners. To test this hypothesis, 53 male U.S. Submariners (20-39 years) were studied before and after a 3-month routine submarine patrol. Measures included anthropometrics, dietary and physical activity, biomarkers of cardiometabolic health, energy and appetite regulation, and inflammation. Before deployment, 62% of submariners had a body fat % (BF%) ≥ 25% (obesity), and of this group, 30% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. In obese volunteers, insulin, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, the leptin/adiponectin ratio, and pro-inflammatory chemokines growth-related oncogene and macrophage-derived chemokine were significantly higher compared to non-obese submariners. Following the patrol, a significant mean reduction in body mass (5%) and fat-mass (11%) occurred in the obese group as a result of reduced energy intake (~2000 kJ) during the patrol; and, independent of group, modest improvements in serum lipids and a mean reduction in interferon γ-induced protein 10 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 were observed. Since 43% of the submariners remained obese, and 18% continued to meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome following the patrol, the magnitude of weight loss was insufficient to completely abolish metabolic dysfunction. Submergence up to 3-months, however, does not appear to be the cause of obesity, which is similar to that of the general population.
密闭空间、有限的运动器材、轮班工作和睡眠减少可能会影响潜艇船员的心脏代谢健康。为了验证这一假设，对53名美国男性潜艇船员（20 - 39岁）在为期3个月的常规潜艇巡逻前后进行了研究。测量指标包括人体测量学、饮食和身体活动、心脏代谢健康的生物标志物、能量和食欲调节以及炎症指标。在部署前，62%的潜艇船员体脂百分比（BF%）≥25%（肥胖），在这一组中，30%符合代谢综合征的标准。与非肥胖潜艇船员相比，肥胖志愿者的胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA - IR）、瘦素、瘦素/脂联素比值以及促炎趋化因子生长相关癌基因和巨噬细胞衍生趋化因子显著更高。巡逻后，肥胖组由于巡逻期间能量摄入减少（约2000千焦），体重显著平均下降（5%），脂肪量下降（11%）；并且，与组别无关，观察到血脂有适度改善，干扰素γ诱导蛋白10和单核细胞趋化蛋白1平均下降。由于43%的潜艇船员在巡逻后仍肥胖，18%继续符合代谢综合征的标准，体重减轻的幅度不足以完全消除代谢功能障碍。然而，长达3个月的水下作业似乎不是肥胖的原因，这与普通人群相似。
